Me ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā olonā kemika, ua nui aʻe nā ʻano olonā. Ma waho aʻe o nā olonā maʻamau, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou he nui e like me nā olonā kūikawā, nā olonā hui pū ʻia, a me nā olonā i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā olonā kemika. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokele hana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka huahana, pono ka ʻike ʻepekema o nā olonā lole.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka fiber e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano morphological a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana microscopic e ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological.
Nui nā ʻano hana e ʻike ai i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, e like me ke ʻano puhi ʻana, ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ke ʻano kala reagent, ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kiko, ke ʻano umekaumaha kikoʻī, ke ʻano birefringence, ke ʻano diffraction X-ray a me ke ʻano spectroscopy absorption infrared, a pēlā aku.
1. Ke ʻano nānā ʻana o ka microscope
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope e nānā i ke ʻano longitudinal a me ke ʻano cross-sectional o nā olonā ke ʻano kumu e ʻike ai i nā olonā lole like ʻole, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e ʻike i nā ʻano olonā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia olonā kūlohelohe kahi ʻano kūikawā e hiki ke ʻike pololei ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. No ka laʻana, he pālahalaha nā olonā pulupulu ma ke kuhikuhi longitudinal, me kahi wili kūlohelohe, kahi ʻāpana kea puni ka pūhaka, a me kahi lua waena. Ua ʻōwili ʻia ka huluhulu ma ke ʻano longitudinal, he unahi ma ka ʻili, a he poepoe a oval paha i ka ʻāpana kea. Loaʻa i kekahi mau huluhulu ka pith ma waena. Loaʻa i ka jute nā puʻupuʻu ākea a me nā kaha kū pololei ma ke kuhikuhi longitudinal, he polygonal ka ʻāpana kea, a he nui ka lua waena.
2. Ke ʻano hana puhi
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau e ʻike ai i nā olonā kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano kemika o nā olonā, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā ʻano puhi. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā olonā cellulose a me nā olonā protein e like me ka maʻalahi o ke puhi ʻana i nā olonā, inā he thermoplastic lākou, ke ʻala i hana ʻia i ka wā e puhi ana, a me nā ʻano o ka lehu ma hope o ke puhi ʻana.
ʻO nā olonā cellulose e like me ka pulupulu, ka hemp, a me ka viscose e puhi koke i ka wā e launa pū ai me ka lapalapa, a hoʻomau i ka puhi ʻana ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa, me ke ʻala o ka pepa e ʻā ana, e waiho ana i kahi lehu hina palupalu ma hope o ka puhi ʻana; ʻO nā olonā protein e like me ka hulu hipa a me ka silika e ʻā mālie i ka wā e launa pū ai me ka lapalapa, a haʻalele i ka lapalapa. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomau ka puhi mālie ʻana, me ke ʻala o nā hulu e ʻā ana, e waiho ana i ka lehu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma hope o ka puhi ʻana.
| ʻano olonā | kokoke i ka lapalapa ahi | i loko o nā lapalapa ahi | waiho i ke ahi | ʻala ʻā | Palapala koena |
| ʻO ke olonā Tencel | ʻAʻohe heheʻe a ʻaʻohe emi ʻana | puhi koke | e hoʻomau i ke kuni ʻana | pepa i puhi ʻia | lehu hina ʻeleʻele |
ʻO ke olonā modal | ʻAʻohe heheʻe a ʻaʻohe emi ʻana | puhi koke | e hoʻomau i ke kuni ʻana | pepa i puhi ʻia | lehu hina ʻeleʻele |
| olonā ʻohe | ʻAʻohe heheʻe a ʻaʻohe emi ʻana | puhi koke | e hoʻomau i ke kuni ʻana | pepa i puhi ʻia | lehu hina ʻeleʻele |
| ʻO ka olonā viscose | ʻAʻohe heheʻe a ʻaʻohe emi ʻana | puhi koke | e hoʻomau i ke kuni ʻana | pepa i puhi ʻia | he liʻiliʻi o ka lehu keʻokeʻo |
| olonā polyester | hoʻēmi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana | Hoʻoheheʻe mua a laila puhi, aia ka hopena e kahe ana | hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka puhi ʻana | ʻala kūikawā | Pōpō paʻakikī ʻeleʻele aniani |
3. Ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā olonā e like me ka solubility o nā olonā lole like ʻole i nā mea kemika like ʻole. Hiki i kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ke hoʻoheheʻe pinepine i nā ʻano olonā like ʻole, no laila ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe e ʻike i nā olonā, pono e hana mau i nā hoʻāʻo hoʻoheheʻe solvent like ʻole e hōʻoia i ke ʻano o nā olonā i ʻike ʻia. Ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe I ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hui ʻia o nā huahana i hui pū ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i nā olonā o kekahi ʻāpana, a laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i nā olonā o kekahi ʻāpana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e kālailai i ka haku mele a me ka ʻike o nā olonā like ʻole i nā huahana i hui pū ʻia. Ke ʻokoʻa ka nui a me ka mahana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, ʻokoʻa ka solubility o ka olonā.
Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke olonā e ʻike ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōmole hoʻāʻo, hoʻokomo ʻia me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻoulu ʻia me ke koʻokoʻo aniani, a hiki ke nānā ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke olonā. Inā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā olonā, hiki ke waiho ʻia ka hāpana i loko o kahi paheʻe aniani concave me kahi ʻili concave, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, uhi ʻia me kahi paheʻe aniani, a nānā pololei ʻia ma lalo o ka microscope. I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe e ʻike ai i nā olonā, pono e kāohi pono ʻia ka nui o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka mahana hoʻomehana, a pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā olonā. Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe i ka hoʻomaopopo pololei ʻana i nā ʻano kemika fiber like ʻole, a he paʻakikī nā kaʻina hana nānā.
Nui nā ʻano hana ʻike no nā olonā lole. I ka hana maoli, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia hoʻokahi ʻano hana, akā pono kekahi mau ʻano hana no ka nānā piha ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻōnaehana o nā olonā, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻepekema ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano hana ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-06-2022