Nrog rau kev txhim kho loj ntawm cov tshuaj fibers, muaj ntau thiab ntau hom fibers. Ntxiv rau cov fibers dav dav, ntau hom tshiab xws li cov fibers tshwj xeeb, cov fibers sib xyaw, thiab cov fibers hloov kho tau tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj fibers. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom, kev txheeb xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub fibers yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov fiber suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv morphological thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Kev soj ntsuam microscopic feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv morphological.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, xws li txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke, txoj kev yaj, txoj kev siv xim reagent, txoj kev yaj, txoj kev nqus tshwj xeeb, txoj kev birefringence, txoj kev X-ray diffraction thiab txoj kev nqus infrared spectroscopy, thiab lwm yam.
1. Txoj kev soj ntsuam los ntawm lub tshuab microscope
Siv lub tshuab tsom iav los saib xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov fibers ntev thiab ntu ntawm cov fibers yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim los txheeb xyuas ntau yam fibers, thiab feem ntau siv los txheeb xyuas cov pawg fiber. Cov fibers ntuj txhua tus muaj ib daim duab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau zoo hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav. Piv txwv li, cov fibers paj rwb yog tiaj tus hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntev, nrog rau qhov sib ntswg ntuj, qhov kev hla ntawm lub duav, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab. Cov ntaub plaub yog curled longitudinally, muaj nplai ntawm qhov chaw, thiab yog puag ncig lossis oval hauv qhov kev hla. Qee cov ntaub plaub muaj pith hauv nruab nrab. Lub jute muaj cov pob caus kab rov tav thiab cov kab ntsug hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntev, qhov kev hla yog polygonal, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab yog loj.
2. Txoj kev hlawv
Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv los txheeb xyuas cov fiber ntuj. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov fibers, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke kuj txawv. Cellulose fibers thiab protein fibers tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li qhov yooj yim ntawm kev hlawv cov fibers, seb lawv puas yog thermoplastic, cov ntxhiab tsw tsim tawm thaum hlawv, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshauv tom qab hlawv.
Cov cellulose fiber xws li paj rwb, hemp, thiab viscose hlawv sai sai thaum lawv kov lub nplaim taws, thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv tom qab tawm hauv nplaim taws, nrog rau tsw ntawm daim ntawv hlawv, tawm hauv me me ntawm cov tshauv grey mos tom qab hlawv; cov protein fiber xws li ntaub plaub thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav hlawv qeeb qeeb thaum lawv kov lub nplaim taws, thiab tawm hauv nplaim taws Tom qab ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv hlawv qeeb qeeb, nrog rau tsw ntawm cov plaub hlawv, tawm hauv cov tshauv dub crunchy tom qab hlawv.
| hom fiber | ze rau nplaim taws | nyob rau hauv hluav taws | tawm ntawm lub nplaim taws | tsw ntxhiab hlawv | Daim ntawv seem |
| Tencel fiber | Tsis muaj yaj thiab tsis muaj shrinkage | hlawv sai sai | hlawv tas mus li | ntawv hlawv | grey dub tshauv |
Cov fiber modal | Tsis muaj yaj thiab tsis muaj shrinkage | hlawv sai sai | hlawv tas mus li | ntawv hlawv | grey dub tshauv |
| xyoob fiber | Tsis muaj yaj thiab tsis muaj shrinkage | hlawv sai sai | hlawv tas mus li | ntawv hlawv | grey dub tshauv |
| Cov fiber ntau viscose | Tsis muaj yaj thiab tsis muaj shrinkage | hlawv sai sai | hlawv tas mus li | ntawv hlawv | ib qho me me ntawm cov tshauv dawb tawm |
| polyester fiber | ntsws yaj | Ua ntej yaj thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv, muaj cov kua dej ntws | tuaj yeem ua kom lub sijhawm hlawv ntev dua | tsw qab tshwj xeeb | Lub pob tawv xim av tsaus nti uas muaj iav |
3. Txoj kev daws teeb meem
Cov fibers raug cais raws li qhov solubility ntawm ntau yam textile fibers hauv cov tshuaj sib txawv. Ib qho solvent feem ntau tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam fibers, yog li thaum siv txoj kev yaj los txheeb xyuas cov fibers, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sib txawv ntawm cov solvent kom paub meej tias hom fibers tau txheeb xyuas. Txoj kev yaj Thaum txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, ib qho solvent tuaj yeem siv los yaj cov fibers ntawm ib qho khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd lwm cov solvent tuaj yeem siv los yaj cov fibers ntawm lwm qhov khoom. Txoj kev no kuj tseem siv tau los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam fibers hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Thaum qhov concentration thiab kub ntawm cov solvent sib txawv, qhov solubility ntawm cov fiber sib txawv.
Cov fiber uas yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub raj kuaj, txhaj nrog qee cov tshuaj yaj, do nrog ib tug pas iav, thiab qhov kev yaj ntawm cov fiber tuaj yeem pom. Yog tias cov fibers me me heev, cov qauv kuj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib daim iav concave nrog ib qho concave nto, dripped nrog cov tshuaj yaj, npog nrog ib daim iav slide, thiab saib ncaj qha hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Thaum siv txoj kev yaj los txheeb xyuas cov fibers, qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj yaj thiab qhov kub cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj me ntsis, thiab yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov ceev yaj ntawm cov fibers. Kev siv txoj kev yaj yuav tsum nkag siab meej txog ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj fiber, thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas yog qhov nyuaj.
Muaj ntau txoj kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub fiber. Hauv kev xyaum, ib txoj kev siv tsis tau, tab sis ntau txoj kev xav tau rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshawb fawb kom ntxaws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov fibers yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau txoj kev txheeb xyuas.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-06-2022