Ndumva ko ibara ryihuse ari ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda ku ibura ry'amabara. Ubu bwiza ni ingenzi ku mwenda umwe.TR Ibara ry'umutambaro rihindagurikabitesha agaciro isura y'umwuga. Urugero,umwenda wa polyester rayon uvanze n'imyenda y'akazinaumwenda wa polyester wa viscose uvanze kugira ngo uhuzwe n'umwendabagomba kubungabunga irangi ryabo. NibaIgitambaro cya TR cyo kwambara irangi ku mwenda usanzweirashira, igaragara nabi. Arayon ya polyester ifite uburebure bw'inzira enye ikoreshwa mu myambaro imweikenera ibara rirambye.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
- Gukoresha ibara ryihuse bivuze ko umwenda ugumana ibara ryawo. Ibi ni ingenzi kuriimpuzankanoBituma imyenda y'ubugeni isa n'iy'umwuga.
- Imyenda yambarwa ikenera ibara ritoroshye. Ibi birinda gusibangana no kumesa, ku zuba no gusigwa. Bibuza ibara gusiga ibara ku yindi myenda.
- Reba ku birango byo kwita ku myambaro. Uyisuke mu mazi akonje. Ibi bifasha imyenda kugumana ibara ryayo igihe kirekire.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibara ryihuta ku mwenda usanzwe
Kwihuta mu ibara ni iki?
Ndumva ko ibara ryihuse ari ubushobozi bw'umwenda bwo kugumana ibara ryawo. Bisobanura uburyo imyenda irinda gucika cyangwa kugenda. Uku kudahinduka ni ingenzi kugira ngo umwenda ugumane isura yawo y'umwimerere. Mbibona nk'igipimo cy'uburyo irangi rifatana cyane n'umugozi. Uburyo bwo gutunganya, imiti, n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera nabyo bigira ingaruka kuri ubu buryo.
Mu rwego rw'ubumenyi, kwihuta kw'amabara ni byo bigaragaza ubushobozi bw'imyenda irangi cyangwa icapishijwe. Irwanya impinduka mu ibara ryayo kandi ikarinda irangi ku bindi bikoresho. Ibi bibaho iyo imyenda ihuye n'ibibazo bitandukanye by'ibidukikije, imiti, n'ibinyabutabire. Tupima ubu buryo bwo kwihagararaho binyuze mu bizamini bisanzwe. Ibi bizamini bigaragaza uburyo irangi-fibre rigumana ubushobozi buhamye mu bihe runaka.
Gukomera kw'amabara, cyangwa gukomera kw'amabara, bivuga uburyo imyenda yasizwe irangi cyangwa icapishijwe neza idahinduka cyangwa ngo ishire. Ibi bibaho iyo ihuye n'ibintu byo hanze. Ibi bintu birimo kumesa, gukaraba, ibyuya, cyangwa gukaraba. Bipima uburyo amarangi afatanye n'imigozi. Ibi birinda kuva amaraso, gusiba, cyangwa guhinduka ibara. Ndizera ko ari ingenzi ku myenda myiza. Bituma ihora igaragara neza uko igihe kigenda.
Kwihuta kw'amabara bivuze kandi ko ikintu kirwanya impinduka mu miterere y'amabara yacyo. Kirwanya kandi kwimura ibara ryacyo ku bikoresho biri hafi aho. Kwihuta kw'amabara bigaragaza impinduka z'amabara n'umurabyo. Kuva amaraso bivuze ko ibara rijya ku bikoresho biri kumwe na fibre. Ibi bikunze gutuma habaho umwanda cyangwa irangi. Ndasobanura ko kwihuta kw'amabara ari ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa by'imyenda bwo kugumana ibara ryabyo. Ibi bibaho iyo bihuye n'ibintu nka aside, alkali, ubushyuhe, urumuri n'ubushuhe. Kubisesengura bisaba kugenzura impinduka z'amabara, ihererekanywa ry'amabara, cyangwa byombi. Tubikora dukurikije ibi bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije.
Impamvu kwihuta kw'amabara ari ingenzi ku mwenda usanzwe
Ndizera ko ibara ritagorama cyane ku mwenda umwe. Kutagorama cyane kw'amabara bitera ibibazo bikomeye. Akenshi mbona ibara ritagenda neza, rihinduka cyangwa rihinduka ibara. Ibi bibazo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku isura y'umwuga w'imyenda.
Tekereza ku myenda igaragara ku zuba. Amakoti n'ibindi bikoresho by'imyenda bisa bishobora kugira ahantu horoshye cyangwa hahinduka ibara. Umugongo n'amatugu akenshi birabigaragaza. Ibice bitagaragara bigumana ibara ryabyo ry'umwimerere. Ibi bitanga amabara atandukanye ku kintu kimwe. Nanone mbona itandukaniro rigenda rishira bitewegusigaIbice bitandukanye by'igicuruzwa cy'imyenda bigira ibibazo bitandukanye mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ibi bitera ibara ritaringaniye. Ingofero, amaboko, amakosi, amakwapa, amatako n'amavi bikunze gucika intege.
Kudakoresha ibara neza bitera ibara ku yindi myenda. Ibicuruzwa bidakoresha ibara neza bishobora kuva ibara mu gihe cyo kwambara. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku yindi myenda yambarwa icyarimwe. Bishobora no kwanduza ibindi bikoresho iyo byogejwe hamwe. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku isura yabyo no ku buryo bikoreshwa.
Ndumva kwangirika kw'amabara bibaho binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Kwibasirwa n'imirasire y'izuba ni ikintu gikomeye. Imirasire ya UV ituruka ku zuba igabanya imigozi y'ibinyabutabire mu irangi. Ibi bituma ibara ritakaza.Gukaraba no gusukuranabyo bigira uruhare. Ingufu za mekanike, isabune, n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi bituma amarangi asohoka. Imiti ikaze n'ingendo zisubirwamo byihutisha iyi ngaruka. Ibintu bidukikije nk'imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ubushuhe, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe nabyo bigira uruhare. Urugero, imvura ya aside ihura n'irangi. Ahantu hatose cyangwa hashyushye nabyo byihutisha kwangirika. Uburyo bwo kuvura irangi, iyo bukozwe nabi, bugabanya intege za molekile z'irangi. Ibi birimo ibintu bikuraho ibara cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura burwanya ibara. Mbona ibi bintu nk'ibintu bibangamira ku kuramba no kugaragara k'umwenda uwo ari wo wose.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ibara ryihuse ku mwenda usanzwe
Nzi ko gusobanukirwa ibizamini byihariye by’ubudahangarwa bw’amabara ari ingenzi cyane. Ibi bizamini bidufasha kumenya uko umwenda umeze. Bituma umwenda ukomeza kugaragara nk’uwa kinyamwuga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Nishingikiriza kuri ibi bizamini bisanzwe kugira ngo nemeze ubuziranenge.
Gukoresha ibara ryihuse kugeza ku gukaraba
Ndatekereza koibara ryihuse kugeza ku gukarabakimwe mu bizamini by'ingenzi ku myenda yambarwa. Imyenda yambarwa irameswa kenshi. Iki kizamini gipima uburyo imyenda yambarwa idatakaza ibara cyangwa ngo ihinduke ibara mu gihe cyo kuyimesa. Kuba imyenda yambarwa idakora neza bituma amabara ashira vuba cyangwa agasohoka mu yindi myenda.
Nkurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga yihariye kuri iki kizamini. Amabwiriza y'ibanze ni ISO 105-C06: 2010. Aya mahame akoresha isabune y'icyitegererezo. Yigana uburyo busanzwe bwo gukaraba mu rugo. Dukora ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini:
- Ikizamini kimwe (S): Iki kizamini kigaragaza uruziga rumwe rwo gukaraba mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu rugo. Gipima irangi ryatakaye n'irangi. Ibi bibaho bitewe no gusiba no gukurura.
- Ikizamini cya (M) cyinshi: Iki kizamini gisa n'imyitozo itanu yo gukaraba mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu ngo. Gikoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bigaragaza ko hari ibintu bikomeye byo kumesa.
Nanone nitondera cyane ibipimo by'imigendekere yo gukaraba. Ibi bipimo byemeza ko isuzuma rihoraho kandi ryizewe:
- Ubushyuhe: Ubusanzwe dukoresha ubushyuhe bwa 40°C cyangwa 60°C. Ibi byigana imiterere y'isi nyayo.
- Igihe: Igihe cyo kumesa giterwa n'imiterere y'imyenda n'ikoreshwa ryayo.
- Gushyiramo amazi mu isabune: Ibi tubipima neza dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda.
- Ingano y'amazi: Ibi tubikomeza dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho yo gupima.
- Uburyo bwo koza: Dukoresha uburyo busanzwe. Ibi birimo ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'igihe bumara. Bikuraho imashini zisigaje.
- Uburyo bwo Kumisha: Dukoresha uburyo busanzwe. Muri ubwo buryo harimo kumisha umwuka cyangwa kumisha imashini. Tugaragaza ubushyuhe n'igihe byamaze.
Dukoresha kandi isabune yihariye kuri ibi bizamini. Urugero, isabune irimo fosfeti ya ECE B (idafite imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi) ikunze kugaragara. AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent WOB ni indi. Ifite ibintu by'ingenzi byagenwe. Hari ibizamini bikoresha isabune zidafite imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa fosfeti. Hari ibindi bipimo bikoresha isabune zifite imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi na fosfeti. Nzi ko AATCC TM61-2013e (2020) ari uburyo bwihuta. Igereranya imitwaro itanu isanzwe yoza intoki cyangwa iy'urugo mu kizamini kimwe cy'iminota 45.
Gukoresha ibara ryihuse kugeza ku mucyo
Ndabyumva ko imyenda isanzwe ihura n'imirasire y'izuba. Ibi bituma kwihuta kw'amabara mu rumuri ari ikintu cy'ingenzi. Iki kizamini gipima uburyo umwenda urwanya gushwanyagurika iyo uhuye n'urumuri. Imirasire ya UV ishobora kwangiza irangi. Ibi bigatera gutakaza ibara.
Nkoresha amahame mpuzamahanga kugira ngo nsuzume uburyo urumuri rwihuta. ISO 105-B02 ni amahame mpuzamahanga. Isuzuma uburyo imyenda yihuta ugereranyije n'urumuri. AATCC 16 ni indi ngingo ngenderwaho. Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ry'abahanga mu bya shimi n'abarangi ryayishyizeho kugira ngo igerageze uburyo urumuri rwihuta. AATCC 188 ni urugero ngenderwaho rwo gupima uburyo urumuri rwihuta ukoresheje xenon arc exposure. UNI EN ISO 105-B02 nayo ifatwa nk'ikizamini cya xenon arc lightfastness ku myenda.
Dukoresha amasoko atandukanye y'urumuri muri ibi bizamini:
- Uburyo bwo ku manywa
- Igipimo cy'itara rya Xenon arc
- Igipimo cy'itara rya arc ya karuboni
Izi nkomoko zigaragaza imiterere itandukanye y'urumuri. Zimfasha kumenya uburyo umwenda umwe uzagumana ibara ryawo hanze cyangwa mu rumuri rukomeye rwo mu nzu.
Gukoresha ibara vuba kugeza ku gukaraba
Nzi ko imyenda ihora igorana. Ibi bibaho iyo umuntu yambaye cyangwa agenda.Ibara ryihuse kugeza ku gusigwa, byitwa kandi gukoroga, bipima ingano y'amabara ava ku buso bw'imyenda ajya ku bundi buryo binyuze mu gukaraba. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko sinshaka ko umwenda umwe wanduza indi myenda cyangwa uruhu.
Nshingiye ku buryo butandukanye busanzwe bwo gusuzuma ibi. ISO 105-X12 ni igipimo mpuzamahanga. Kigena uburyo imyenda irwanya ihinduka ry'amabara iyo ikosowe mu bihe byumye kandi bitose. Kireba ubwoko bwose bw'imyenda. Uburyo bwa 8 bwo Gupima AATCC, “Colorfastness to Crocking,” bugena ingano y'amabara ava mu myenda y'amabara ajya ku yindi buso binyuze mu gusiga. Kireba ku myenda yose yasizwe irangi, icapwa, cyangwa irangi. Andi mahame ajyanye nayo arimo ASTM D2054 kuri kaseti za zipu na JIS L 0849.
Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo byo gusigwa vuba. Ibi ndabitekerezaho iyo nsuzuma umwenda:
| Ibintu Bifatika | Ingaruka ku kwihutira gukaraba |
|---|---|
| Ubwoko bwa Fibre | Imigozi itandukanye ifite imiterere itandukanye ku buso n'imyambaro ivanze. Imigozi yoroshye kandi ikoze mu nganda nka polyester ishobora kugaragaza ko ikora neza kurusha imigozi karemano nka ipamba cyangwa ubwoya, ifite ubuso butari bumwe kandi ishobora gusohora uduce tw'irangi byoroshye. |
| Imiterere y'ubudodo | Ubudodo butoshye bukunda gufata irangi neza kurusha ubudodo butoshye cyangwa bufite imiterere iciriritse, bigabanya amahirwe yo kohereza irangi mu gihe cyo gukaraba. |
| Kubaka imyenda | Imyenda iboshye cyane cyangwa iboshye muri rusange irushaho kwihuta kurusha imyenda yubatswe mu buryo butose. Imiterere yayo ikomeye ifasha gufata uduce tw’irangi mu mwenda, ikaturinda gusohoka byoroshye. |
| Ubuso butoshye | Imyenda ifite ubuso bworoshye ikunze kugira ubushobozi bwo gukaraba neza kuko nta migozi igaragara cyangwa ibisa nabi bishobora gukurwaho no kurekura irangi. |
| Kuboneka kw'Imperekeza | Imyambaro imwe n'imwe, nk'iy'amavuta yoroshye cyangwa resins, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku kwihuta kw'imyambaro binyuze mu gukora agapira ku buso bwa fibre gashobora gukurwaho byoroshye, hagakoreshwa irangi. Ku rundi ruhande, irangi rimwe na rimwe ridasanzwe rishobora kunoza kwihuta kw'imyambaro binyuze mu gufata irangi neza cyangwa gukora urwego rurinda. |
| Ingano y'ubushuhe | Gukoresha irangi ritose akenshi biri hasi ugereranije n’ikoresha irangi ryumye kuko amazi ashobora gukora nk'amavuta yo kwimura, agatuma uduce tw'irangi twimuka, kandi agashobora no kubyimba imigozi, bigatuma irangi rishobora kwimurwa byoroshye. |
| Igitutu n'igihe cyo gukaraba | Igitutu kinini no kumara igihe kirekire urimo gukanda bitera kwiyongera kw'ingufu n'amahirwe menshi yo kohereza irangi. |
| Icyerekezo cyo gukaraba | Uburyo bwo gukaraba bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'icyerekezo cyo gukaraba ugereranyije n'icyerekezo cy'imyenda, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imiterere y'imyenda n'imiterere y'ubuso. |
| Ubushyuhe | Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kongera uburyo molekile z'irangi zigenda n'uburyo insinga zigenda, bikaba byatera koroherwa no gukaraba vuba. |
| Ubuso buteye ubwoba | Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusiga (urugero: umwenda w'ipamba, ipamba) hamwe n'imiterere yabyo yo gusiga bizagira ingaruka ku rugero rw'irangi rikoreshwa. Ubuso bugoye bwo gusiga muri rusange butuma irangi rirushaho kwiyongera. |
| Gushyira irangi mu mwanya waryo no kurishyiraho | Irangi ryinjira neza mu miterere y’umugozi kandi rigafatanywa cyane (rifite imiti) kuri uwo mugozi rizagaragaza ko rikomeza gukururwa neza. Kuba ritajyamo cyangwa ritajyamo neza bivuze ko irangi rishobora kuguma hejuru kandi rigakurwaho byoroshye. |
| Ingano y'uduce tw'irangi n'uburyo biteranyirizwa hamwe | Uduce duto tw’irangi cyangwa irangi ryinjira mu ruhu rw’umunyu ngugu tuba ku buso bwa fibre aho kwinjiramo, dushobora gushwanyaguzwa. |
| Ubwoko bw'irangi n'imiterere ya chimique | Ibara ry’ubwoko butandukanye (urugero: iry’irangi rikora neza, ritaziguye, ifu, ritambuka) rifite isano ritandukanye ku migozi yihariye n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kurifata. Ibara rifite imigozi ikomeye ihuza umugozi (nk’irangi rikora neza ku ipamba) muri rusange rigira umuvuduko mwiza wo gusimbuka, mu gihe ibara ryishingikiriza ku mbaraga nke z’ingirabuzimafatizo rishobora kuba ridafite umuvuduko mwinshi. |
| Ingano y'irangi | Ibara ryinshi rishobora gutuma ibara ritagenda neza, cyane cyane iyo hari irangi ritari risanzwe ku buso bwa fibre. |
| Kuba hariho irangi ritazwi | Irangi ryose ridafite ifu cyangwa ridafite hydrolyze risigaye ku mwambaro nyuma yo gusiga irangi no kumesa bizagabanya cyane kwihuta kw'ibara. Uburyo bwo gukaraba neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo utwo duce tw'irangi dukurweho. |
| Imiti y'inyongera | Gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gusiga irangi (urugero, ibikoresho byo kugereranya, ibikoresho byo gutatanya) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku irangi no kurifata, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kwihuta kwaryo. Imiti nyuma yo kuvurwa, nk'ibikoresho byo gusiga, ishobora kunoza uburyo kwihuta kwaryo binyuze mu kongera imikoranire hagati y'irangi n'imigozi. |
| Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi | Uburyo bwihariye bwo gusiga irangi (urugero, gusiga irangi ry’imyotsi, gusiga irangi rihoraho, gucapa) bushobora kugira ingaruka ku kwinjira kw’irangi, gufunga, n’ingano y’irangi ritashyizweho, bityo bigatuma rikomeza kwihuta. |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura (ku bishushanyo) | Ku myenda icapwa, imiterere ikwiye yo kuyifata (ubushyuhe, igihe) ni ngombwa kugira ngo icyuma gifata irangi gifatanye neza n'imyenda, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo irangi ritaziguye ritaziguye. |
| Ingufu zo gukaraba neza | Gukaraba neza nyuma yo gusiga irangi cyangwa gucapa bisiga irangi ridafite aho ribogamiye ku mwenda, rikurwaho byoroshye no gukaraba. Gukaraba neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo irangi rikomeze kwihuta. |
| Nyuma yo kuvurwa | Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura nyuma yo gukoresha imiti, nko gukoresha imiti ifata cyangwa imiti ihuza, bushobora kunoza uburyo ivangavanga ry’irangi n’imigozi runaka rikora neza binyuze mu kongera imigozi y’irangi n’imigozi cyangwa gukora urwego rurinda. |
Gukoresha ibara vuba kugeza ku byuya
Nzi ko ibyuya by'umuntu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mabara amwe. Ibyuya birimo imiti itandukanye. Muri byo harimo umunyu, aside na enzymes. Bishobora gutuma ibara ry'imyenda rigabanuka cyangwa rigahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bituma ibara ryihuse mu byuya riba ikizamini cy'ingenzi. Bituma imyenda igumana isura yayo nubwo yangirika igihe kirekire.
Nkurikiza uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ko ibara ryihuse cyangwa ritagenda neza:
- Ntegura umuti wo kubira ibyuya. Uyu muti ushobora kuba ufite aside cyangwa alkaline. Umeze nk'ibyuya by'abantu.
- Nshyira icyitegererezo cy'imyenda mu gisubizo cyateguwe mu gihe runaka. Ibi bituma ifu irushaho kuba yuzuye.
- Nshyira icyitegererezo cy'imyenda yuzuye hagati y'ibice bibiri by'imyenda ya multifiber. Ibi birimo ipamba, ubwoya, nayiloni, polyester, acrylic, na acetate. Ibi bipima irangi ku bwoko butandukanye bwa fibre.
- Nshyira igipimo cy'imyenda mu buryo bugenzurwa. Nkoresha icyuma gipima ibyuya. Gikoresha igitutu gihoraho ku bushyuhe n'ubushuhe runaka. Ibi bigaragaza imiterere y'ubusaza. Igihe cy'igeragezwa gisanzwe kimara amasaha menshi.
- Nyuma y'igihe cyo gupima, nkuramo ingero. Ndazireka zigakama mu buryo busanzwe.
- Nsuzuma impinduka z'amabara n'irangi ku maso. Nkoresha ikigereranyo cy'umukara mu guhindura ibara n'ikigereranyo cy'umukara mu gusiga irangi. Ngereranya icyitegererezo cyapimwe n'igipimo ngenderwaho. Hanyuma npima ibisubizo.
- Ubundi buryo, nkoresha uburyo bw'ibikoresho nka spectrophotometry. Ibi bipima neza impinduka z'amabara. Bipima urumuri cyangwa uburyo rutanga urumuri mbere na nyuma y'ikizamini.
Guharanira ko ibara rigumana neza mu mwenda usanzwe
Uburyo ibara ryihuse ripimwa n'uburyo ripimwa
Nzi uburyo dupima kandi tugapima ubuvungukira bw'amabara. Dukoresha uburyo bwo gupima kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 5. Ingano ya 5 bivuze ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Ingano ya 1 bivuze hasi cyane. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byose by'imyenda. Nkoresha amahame mpuzamahanga yihariye mu gupima. Urugero, ISO 105 C06 ipima ubuvungukira bw'amabara kugeza ku gukaraba. ISO 105 B02 igenzura ubuvungukira bw'amabara kugeza ku mucyo. ISO 105 X12 ipima ubuvungukira bw'amabara kugeza ku gukaraba.
Ndasobanura neza ibi bipimo. Igipimo cya 1 bivuze impinduka zikomeye z'ibara nyuma yo kumesa. Iki gitambaro ntabwo ari cyiza kumesa kenshi. Igipimo cya 3 kigaragaza impinduka nto z'ibara. Ibi akenshi byemewe. Igipimo cya 5 bivuze ko nta mpinduka z'ibara zihinduka. Ibi ni byiza ku myenda imeswa kenshi. Nanone nkoresha amabwiriza yihariye yo gupima n'ibipimo byo kwemerwa:
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Igisanzwe | Ibipimo byapimwe | Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo Kwemera |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gukaraba | AATCC 61 2A | 100°F ± 5°F, iminota 45 | Icyiciro cya 4+ |
| Gushyirwa mu rumuri | ISO 105-B02 | Itara rya Xenon Arc | Icyiciro cya 4 |
| Kubira ibyuya | ISO 105-E04 | Aside na Alkali | Icyiciro cya 3–4 |
| Gusiga | AATCC | Guhuza n'ibintu byumye n'ibitose | Yumye: Icyiciro cya 4, Itose: Icyiciro cya 3 |
Ibintu Bigira Ingaruka ku Kudahinduka kw'Ibara mu Myenda Isanzwe
Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku kwihuta kw'amabara. Ubwoko bwa fibre na shimi y'irangi ni ingenzi cyane. Imiterere ya fibre, imiterere, n'ubuso bigira ingaruka ku buryo irangi rifatana neza. Ubuso buteye ubwoba, nk'ubwoya bw'intama, bufasha molekile z'irangi kwinjira. Ubuso buteye neza, kimwe n'ibikoresho bya sintetike, bushobora gukenera impinduka za shimi. Imiterere y'imbere y'ifi na yo ni ingenzi. Uduce tudafite ibara ryinjira byoroshye. Uduce tw'ibara ry'umutuku turabirwanya.
Amarangi nhitamo ni ingenzi cyane. Imiti nyuma yo kuvurwa nayo igira uruhare runini. Amarangi akoreshwa mu ipamba akorana neza n'ipamba. Akora imigozi ikomeye. Amarangi akwirakwira ni meza kuri polyester. Agira akamaro mu gushyiraho ubushyuhe. Udukoresho two gufatanya n'udukoresho two gufunga irangi ku mugozi. Ibi bigabanya ihinduka ry'irangi kandi bikongera ubudahangarwa bwo gusigwa. Imikorere yo gukora na yo igira ingaruka ku buryo ritagenda neza. Gusiga isabune nyuma yo gusiga irangi, uburyo bwo kurangiza, n'ibikoresho byo gufata amabara byose bigira uruhare. Nsuzuma uburyo ibara ritagenda neza mu gihe cyo kubyimba muri laboratwari. Ibi bitumaumwenda usanzweyujuje ibisabwa mbere yuko ikorwa ryuzuye.
Guhitamo no kubungabunga umwenda umeze nk'umwenda utagira ibara
Buri gihe nsaba kubanza gusuzuma icyapa cy’ubwitonzi cy’uruganda. Ibi bitanga amabwiriza yihariye. Niba nta mabwiriza ahari, noza imyenda y’imyambaro mu mazi akonje. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutuma amarangi ava amaraso. Nanone nkora isuzuma ry’uko amabara adahinduka mbere yo kumesa ibintu bishya. Ibi birinda ko ibara rijya mu yindi myenda.
Ndashaka ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe. OEKO-TEX® na GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) bigaragaza ubwiza. Nanone ndeba niba imyenda yujuje ibisabwa bya ISO nka ISO 105-C06 yo kumesa cyangwa ISO 105-X12 yo gukaraba. Ibi byemezo n'amahame bimfasha guhitamo imyenda iramba kandi idahinduka.
Ndizera ko kwihuta kw'amabara bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bumwe. Bituma umuntu aramba kandi bikongera ibyishimo by'abaguzi. Gushyira imbere kwihuta kw'amabara byubaka isura ikomeye y'ikirango kandi bigatanga agaciro gahendutse. Ibi kandi bishyigikira kuramba binyuze mu kongera igihe cyo kuramba kw'imyenda.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni iyihe karita nziza y'ibara ryihuse kurusha izindi?
Mbona amanota 5 ari yo meza kurusha ayandi. Ibi bivuze ko umwenda nta hinduka ry'ibara rigaragaza. Ni mwiza cyane ku myenda yambarwa.
Ese nshobora kunoza ibara vuba mu rugo?
Ndakugira inama yo gukurikiza ibyapa byo kwitaho. Gukaraba mu mazi akonje birafasha. Kumisha umwuka binarinda ibara.
Kuki imyenda imwe n'imwe irangirika ku buryo butangana?
Ndabona irangirika ritandukanye bitewe n'izuba cyangwa gukaraba. Ibice bitandukanye by'umwenda bihinduka ukwangirika gutandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2025