Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeye ry’imigozi y’ibinyabutabire, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’imigozi. Uretse imigozi rusange, hari ubwoko bwinshi bushya nk’imigozi yihariye, imigozi ivanze, n’imigozi yahinduwe yagaragaye mu migozi y’ibinyabutabire. Kugira ngo byorohereze imicungire y’umusaruro n’isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa, hakenewe ubuhanga bwo kumenya imigozi y’imyenda.
Kumenya fibre bikubiyemo kumenya imiterere y’imiterere y’umubiri no kumenya imiterere y’umubiri n’iya shimi. Kwitegereza mikorosikopi bikunze gukoreshwa mu kumenya imiterere y’umubiri.
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya imiterere y’ibintu n’imiti, nko gukoresha uburyo bwo gutwika, uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ry’ibinyabutabire, uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha imbaraga, uburyo bwo gutwikira ibintu, uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu n’ibinyabutabire, uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu n’ibinyabutabire n’ibinyabutabire, n’ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "infrared absorption spectroscopy".
1. Uburyo bwo kureba mikorosikopi
Gukoresha mikorosikopi kugira ngo urebe imiterere y'imigozi miremire n'iy'ibice bifatanye ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kumenya imigozi itandukanye y'imyenda, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mu kumenya ibyiciro by'imigozi. Imigozi karemano buri imwe ifite imiterere yihariye ishobora kumenyekana neza hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Urugero, imigozi y'ipamba iragororotse mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure, ifite imiterere karemano, igice cy'urukenyerero kizunguruka, n'umwobo wo hagati. Ubwoya buzunguruka mu buryo burambuye, bufite ibikanka ku buso, kandi bufite uruziga cyangwa indorerwamo mu gice cy'urukenyerero. Ubwoya bumwe bufite umuyoboro hagati. Ifuro rifite imigozi itambitse n'imirongo ihagaze mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure, igice cy'urukenyerero ni poligonal, kandi umwobo wo hagati ni munini.
2. Uburyo bwo gutwika
Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kumenya imigozi karemano. Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imiterere y'imigozi, imiterere y'ubushyuhe nayo iratandukanye. Imigozi ya selulose na poroteyine bishobora gutandukanywa hakurikijwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwika imigozi, byaba ari thermoplastic, impumuro ituruka mu gihe cyo gutwika, n'imiterere y'ivu nyuma yo gutwika.
Udupira twa selulosi nka ipamba, hemp, na viscose birashya vuba iyo bihuye n'umuriro, kandi bigakomeza gushya nyuma yo kuva mu muriro, hamwe n'impumuro y'impapuro zishya, bigasiga ivu ry'umukara rito nyuma yo gushya; utwo dupira twa poroteyine nk'ubwoya n'ubudodo birashya buhoro buhoro iyo bihuye n'umuriro, kandi bigasiga umuriro Nyuma y'ibyo, byakomeje gushya buhoro buhoro, hamwe n'impumuro y'ubwoya bushya, bigasiga ivu ry'umukara rihiye nyuma yo gushya.
| ubwoko bwa fibre | hafi y'umuriro | mu muriro | rekera umuriro | impumuro ishyushye | Ifishi y'ibisigaye |
| Fibre ya Tencel | Nta gushonga kandi nta gushonga | gushya vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitswe | ivu ry'umukara ry'umukara |
Fibre ya modal | Nta gushonga kandi nta gushonga | gushya vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitswe | ivu ry'umukara ry'umukara |
| fibre y'umugano | Nta gushonga kandi nta gushonga | gushya vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitswe | ivu ry'umukara ry'umukara |
| Fibre ya viscose | Nta gushonga kandi nta gushonga | gushya vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitswe | ivu rito ry'umweru ritari risanzwe |
| fibre ya polyester | gushonga guke | Banza ushonge hanyuma utwike, umuti uratonyanga | bishobora gutuma umuriro ukomeza kwiyongera | impumuro yihariye | Umupira ukomeye w'ikigina cyijimye usa n'ikirahure |
3. Uburyo bwo gusenya
Fibre zitandukanywa hakurikijwe uburyo imigozi itandukanye y’imyenda ishonga mu bintu bitandukanye bya shimi. Umushongi umwe ushobora gushonga imigozi itandukanye, bityo iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushonga kugira ngo umenye imigozi, ni ngombwa gukomeza gukora ibizamini bitandukanye byo gushonga kugira ngo wemeze ubwoko bw’imigozi yabonetse. Uburyo bwo gushonga Mu gihe umenya ibice bivanze by’ibicuruzwa bivanze, umushongi umwe ushobora gukoreshwa mu gushonga imigozi y’igice kimwe, hanyuma undi mushongi ugakoreshwa mu gushonga imigozi y’ikindi gice. Ubu buryo bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusesengura imiterere n’ibikubiye mu migozi itandukanye mu bicuruzwa bivanze. Iyo ingano n’ubushyuhe by’umushongi bitandukanye, umushongi w’umushongi uratandukanye.
Fibre igomba kumenyekana ishobora gushyirwa mu muyoboro w'igerageza, igaterwamo umuti runaka, igakururwa n'inkoni y'ikirahure, hanyuma fibre igashonga. Iyo ingano y'imigozi ari nto cyane, icyitegererezo gishobora no gushyirwa mu kirahure cy'ikirahure gifite ubuso butose, kigatonyangamo umuti, kigapfukwa n'umuyoboro w'ikirahure, hanyuma kikagaragara neza munsi ya mikorosikopi. Mu gihe ukoresha uburyo bwo gushonga kugira ngo umenye imigozi, ingano y'umushongi n'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho umuvuduko w'imigozi. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushonga bisaba gusobanukirwa neza imiterere itandukanye ya fibre, kandi inzira zo kugenzura ziragoye.
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya imigozi y'imyenda. Mu by'ukuri, uburyo bumwe ntibushobora gukoreshwa, ariko hakenewe uburyo bwinshi bwo gusesengura no gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Uburyo bwo kumenya imigozi mu buryo buhamye ni uguhuza mu buryo bwa siyansi uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-06-2022