Kurwanya amarira: Ni ryari mu by'ukuri biba ingenzi?

Nsanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira ari ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho bihora bihinduka, bihangana n'imitsi ihoraho, cyangwa bikagira iminkanyari mu maso. Ibi ni ingenzi ku bikoresho biri mu mitsi igoranye cyangwa mu bihe bikomeye. Udusembwa duto dushobora guhita duhinduka ibikomere bikomeye.umwuga mu gukora imyenda iboshye hanze ya kintfabricishyira imbere ubushobozi bwo kudacika kw'imyenda. Bagenzura kokugenzura ubuziranenge bw'imyenda ya siporo yo hanzeIbi birimoIngufu 100 z'imyenda yo hanze ivanze na polyesterAumwuga mu gukora imyenda isanzweibyo ukeneyeigitambaro kidacika.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ubudahangarwa bw'amarira butuma ibyangiritse bito bitaba ibibazo bikomeye.bituma ibicuruzwa birambakandi ikarinda abantu umutekano.
• Dupima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira hakoreshejwe ibizamini byihariye. Ibi bizamini bigaragaza imbaraga ikintu gishobora kwihanganira mbere yuko gicika.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'amarira ni ingenzi kuri byinshi. Bifasha guhitamoibikoresho byiza byo kudoda imyenda, amahema, n'ibikoresho by'imodoka.

Impamvu kurwanya amarira ari ingenzi kugira ngo ibikoresho birambe neza

Gukumira Ibiza Bikabije

Ndabyumva ko ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira ari ikintu cy'ingenzi. Birinda mu buryo butaziguye kwangirika guto kuba ikintu gikomeye. Agace gato cyangwa agace gato gashobora kwaguka vuba iyo umuntu agize ikibazo. Uku kwaguka gutuma ibintu bicika burundu. Ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira menshi butuma ibikoresho bishobora kwirinda ko ibintu bikwirakwira. Bikubiyemo kwangirika k'agace gaherereyemo. Ubu bushobozi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga imiterere y'inyubako. Bihagarika akantu gato gatera ibyago bikomeye.

Kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bw'ibicuruzwa

Ndizera ko ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kudacika intege bimara igihe kirekire. Ibicuruzwa bihura n'ibyangiritse buri munsi. Bihura n'ibisebe, gucika intege no gukomereka. Ibikoresho birwanya gucika intege bizahangana n'ibi bibazo neza. Uku kuramba bitanga ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire. Abaguzi bungukira ku bicuruzwa bidakenera gusimbuzwa kenshi. Abakora ibicuruzwa bazwiho kuba beza kandi bizerwa. Ni ikintu cyiza kuri buri wese ubifitemo uruhare.

Kugenzura imikorere n'umutekano

Nshyira imbere uburyo bwo kwirinda amarira kuko bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'umutekano. Mu bikorwa byinshi, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Tekereza umugozi w'umutekano cyangwaumwambaro wo kurinda. Gucika kw'ibi bintu bibangamira imikorere yabyo. Bishyira umukoresha mu kaga. Ubudahangarwa bwinshi bw'amarira butuma ibikoresho bikora uko byakagombye. Bikomeza kugira uburinzi nubwo byaba biri mu bibazo. Uku kwizerwa ntigushobora kuganirwaho ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi ku mutekano. Buri gihe ntekereza kuri iki kintu mu gihe cyo guhitamo ibikoresho.

Ibintu Bisanzwe Bibaho mu Isi n'Imihangayiko Ishingiye ku Bikoresho

Ndabona akamaro ko kwirinda amarira mu bintu byinshi bifatika. Ibikoresho bihora bihura n'imihangayiko ishobora gutuma umuntu acika. Iyi mihangayiko ituruka ahantu hatandukanye.

• Imyenda isanzwe: Ingendo za buri munsi n'ibintu bitunguranye bipima umwenda.
• Imyenda ya siporo: Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyane bitera umutwaro ku migozi no ku myenda.
• Ibikoresho byo gukambika: Amahema n'ibikapu bifatwa mu mugongo bihura n'amabuye n'amashami bityaye.
• Ibikoresho byo mu nzu: Inzu yo mu gisenge ihora igorana kandi ishobora gupfukiranwa.
• Ibidukikije by'ingandaImikandara yo gutwara ibintu n'ibipfundikizo bikingira ihura n'ibintu bikomeretsa.
• Imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa fanile n'iy'imodokaIbi bikoresho bigomba kwihanganira gukoreshwa kenshi ndetse no kwangirika bishobora kubaho.
• Gukora imodoka n'imyenda yo mu rugo: Aha, uburyo imyenda idacika ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'ubwiza.

Izi ngero zigaragaza impamvu mbona ko kwirinda amarira ari ikintu cy'ingenzi. Bituma ibicuruzwa bikora neza mu bihe bitandukanye kandi bigoye.

Uburyo Ubudahangarwa bw'Amarira bupimwa kandi bugasobanurwa

Nsanga gusobanukirwa uburyo dupima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira ari ngombwa. Bimfasha gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibikoresho. Dukoresha ibizamini byihariye kugira ngo tumenye ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo kwirinda gucika. Ibi bizamini bitanga amakuru y'ingirakamaro, ariko kubisobanura neza ni ingenzi.

Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima

Nishingikiriza ku buryo busanzwe bwo gupima kugira ngo nemeze ko ibintu bihuye kandi bigereranywa. Ubu buryo butanga ururimi ruhuriweho n'abahanga n'abakora ibikoresho ku isi yose. Bumfasha gusuzuma ibikoresho bitandukanye mu buryo buboneye. Uburyo bwemewe cyane buturuka mu bigo nka ISO na ASTM. Nkunda kuvuga kuri aya mahame.

Urugero, nkoresha:

• ISO 34-1: 2015ku irangi, rigena imbaraga zo gucika hakoreshejwe ibice bitandukanye byo gupima.
• ISO 9073-4: 2019ku myenda idaboshye, cyane cyane ipimira ubushobozi bwo kudacika.
• ISO 6383-2:1983ku gishushanyo cya pulasitiki, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Elmendorf.
• ASTM D1004-13ku gipfundikizo cya pulasitiki, bipima ubushobozi bwo kudacika kw'amarira (Graves Tear).
• ASTM D1424-09 (2013)e1ku myenda, hakoreshejwe igikoresho cya pendulum igwa (Elmendorf-Type).
• ASTM D1938-19ku gipfundikizo cya pulasitiki, gipima uburyo amarira adashobora gukwirakwira (Ipantaro Irira).

Izi ngingo ngenderwaho zituma ngereranya pome n'pome mu gihe nsuzuma imiterere y'ibikoresho.

Gutandukanya Gutangira no Gukura kw'Amarira

Nzi neza ko kurwanya amarira bikubiyemo ibyiciro bibiri bitandukanye: gutangira no gukwirakwira. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa itandukaniro.

• Gutangira Gucuragura:Ibi bivuga imbaraga ziterwa n'ikintu mu gucika kw'icumu. Ndareba imbaraga zikoreshwa kugira ngo umuntu atangire gucika kw'icumu.
• Gukwirakwiza amarira (Gukura):Ibi bivuga imbaraga ikintu gitanga mu kwaguka cyangwa gukomeza kwangirika kw'irira ririho. Iyo irira ritangiye, ndashaka kumenya imbaraga zigera kuri iyo kugira ngo ribe rinini.

Imbaraga z'amarira zipima imbaraga zikenewe kugira ngo igitonyanga gitangizwe kandi gikomeze gucika mu mwenda. Ibi akenshi biterwa n'icyerekezo cy'imbaraga. Ntekereza ku ngingo zombi iyo nsuzuma ubushobozi bw'igitambaro muri rusange bwo kudacika.

Imbogamizi mu mibanire y'abantu mu buryo bufatika

Nsanga guhuza ibisubizo byo kurwanya amarira muri laboratwari n'imikorere yayo mu buryo busanzwe bigoye cyane. Kurwanya amarira ni ikintu kigoye. Bituruka ku bindi bintu by'ibanze nk'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu n'imbaraga zo gukurura. Nubwo ibizamini bya laboratwari ari ingirakamaro mu kugereranya, isano itaziguye n'imikorere nyayo ya serivisi akenshi biragoye.

Ndazi ko hari ibintu byinshi birushaho kugora ibi:

• Gupima muri laboratwari bigerwaho byoroshye n'imikorere y'ibikoresho.
• Uburyo abantu bakora mu gihe cyo gupima bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bisubizo.
• Ahantu ho gupimisha ubwaho hagira ingaruka ku bipimo byo kwirinda amarira.

Imiterere y'ibintu mu buzima busanzwe irahinduka kandi ntishobora gusobanurwa. Bikubiyemo ikirere gihindagurika, umwanda, no kwangirika kw'umubiri. Ibi bintu biragoye kwigana neza muri laboratwari igenzurwa. Ibikoresho biri mu buzima busanzwe nabyo bikorana n'ibintu bitunguranye nk'imiti cyangwa ibintu bikomoka kuri biyoloji. Ibi bishobora kudashyirwa mu bizamini byihutishwa. Ibizamini byihutishwa, bigamije kugabanya igihe cyo gusuzuma, bishobora kudafata ingaruka z'igihe kirekire. Inzira zo kwangirika buhoro buhoro zigaragara gusa mu bihe bisanzwe mu gihe kirekire. Ibicuruzwa biri mu murima bigira uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha, kubibungabunga, no kubikoresha bitateganijwe. Sinshobora kubigana neza mu bizamini bya laboratwari. Ibi bitera itandukaniro hagati y'imikorere yateganyijwe n'iy'ukuri.

Gusobanukirwa uburyo imyenda irwanya amarira

Ndita cyane ku kurwanya amarira y'imyenda. Ni ingenzi cyane ku myenda. Amahame yihariye ya ASTM cyangwa ISO amfasha kuyasuzuma.

Urugero, nkoresha:

• ASTM D2261 (Uburyo bwo gutonyanga ururimi): Ibi bipima imbaraga zisanzwe zikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomeze gucika. Bikubiyemo gutandukanya indimi ebyiri zaciwe mu gipimo. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku myenda myinshi y'imyenda, harimo n'ibikoresho biboshye, biboshye, cyangwa bidafite ubudodo. Nkora agace mu gipimo cy'urukiramende kugira ngo ntangire gucika. Hanyuma nkura impande zombi kugeza igihe binaniranye. Amakuru agaragaza imbaraga z'ubudodo, imigozi y'imigozi, n'imigozi ifatanye. Bigaragaza kandi ko birwanya gucika.
• ASTM D1424 (uburyo bwa Elmendorf): Ibi bikoresha igikoresho cya pendulum gikoroka. Bipima akazi kakozwe (ingufu) kugira ngo bikwirakwize agace kagenwe mbere y’uko gashyirwa ku mwenda.
• ASTM D5735: Ibi bikubiyemo gupima imbaraga z'imitako idatoboye hakoreshejwe uburyo ururimi rukoreshwa mu gupima.
• Icyiciro cya 1 cya Kaminuza EN 1875-3: 1998: Ibi bigena imbaraga zo gucika kw'imyenda ya rubber na pulasitiki hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa trapezoidal.

Ubu buryo bumpa amakuru yihariye. Bumfasha gusobanukirwa uburyo umwenda uzakora mu gihe ucitse. Nkoresha aya makuru kugira ngo ntoranye ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha mu buryo butandukanye.

Indangagaciro zisanzwe n'ibikenewe

Imbaraga zo Gucikamo mu bwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho

Nabonye ubwoko bwinshi bw'imbaraga zo gushwanyagurika mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho. Polyurethane ishobora kugera ku mbaraga zo gushwanyagurika cyane. Igera ku biro 1.000 kuri santimetero imwe (175.1 kN/m) ikoresheje ASTM D-624, Ubwoko bwa C. Ibikoresho bya Elastomeric muri rusange bigaragaza imbaraga zo gushwanyagurika ziri hagati ya 50–100 kN/m. Nanone mbona itandukaniro riri mu bwoko bwa rubber:

Amafilimi ya pulasitiki nayo aratandukanye. Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) mu cyerekezo cy'imashini (MD) ifite imbaraga zo gucikamo za 120g. Polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke (LDPE) igaragaza 320g (MD).

Ibintu Bigira Ingaruka ku Bukomere bw'Amarira

Ndumva ko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'amarira y'ikintu. Polima nyinshi zifite uburemere bwa molekile zigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amarira neza. Ibi biterwa n'imigozi ikomeye n'iminyururu miremire. Imiterere y'uruhererekane rwa polymer ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amarira mu cyerekezo kimwe. Ariko, ishobora kuyagabanya mu bindi. Inyongera nk'ibyuzuza bishobora kongera ubukana ariko bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amarira. Bitera ingingo zo guhangayika. Plastika zinoza ubworoherane ariko zishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amarira. Imiterere ya kristu nayo igira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'amarira. Filimi zifite ubushobozi bwo gufata kristu zishobora kugira imbaraga nke z'amarira. Ubwoko bwa co-monomer nabwo burakenewe. Urugero, LLDPE ifite octene na hexene co-monomer ifite imbaraga nziza z'amarira. Imbaraga z'amarira ni imbaraga ntarengwa zikenewe kugira ngo kristu ivugurure. Ndabivuga nk'imbaraga kuri buri gice cy'ubugari bw'urugero.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho ku Bikorwa Bihariye

Nhitamo neza ibikoresho byo gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye bitewe n’uko birwanya amarira. Kugira ngo ngere ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi birwane n’amarira, nkunda guhitamo Elastomeric Polyurethanes (EPU). Izi ni nziza kuri gaskets na seal. Polyurethane Rubber irwanya cyane gushwanyagurika no gushwanyagurika. Ibi bituma iba nziza cyane mu nganda zikoreshwa cyane. Natural Rubber (NR) ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no kurwanya amarira. Nyikoresha mu bikoresho biyifata. Ku bushyuhe bukabije, ntekereza ku bikoresho bya Polyimide nka Kapton®. Bikomeza koroha kandi birwanya kubora mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibisubizo bishingiye kuri Mica bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe budasanzwe. Inyubako za Composite zitanga ibisubizo byiza. Zihuza ibikoresho nka filime za polyimide n'impapuro za mica. Ibi bikemura ubushyuhe burambye, kuramba kwa mekanike, no kudashwanyagurika kw'imyenda.

Nsanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira ari ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo ibikoresho. Ni ingenzi mu gukoresha ibintu bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, ibintu bityaye, cyangwa ibintu bikomeretsa. Gushyira imbere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira bituma biramba, byizewe kandi bikagira umutekano mu gihe kirekire. Gusobanukirwa igihe n'impamvu kwirinda amarira ari ingenzi bimpa imbaraga zo gufata ibyemezo byiza byo gukora no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Intego y'ibanze yo kwirinda amarira ni iyihe?

Nkoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda amarira kugira ngo ngire ingaruka mbi ku buryo buto. Bifasha kongera igihe cyo kubaho k'umusaruro kandi bikanatuma umutekano ukomeza kwiyongera.

Nigute napima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira?

Npima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amarira nkoresheje uburyo busanzwe nka ASTM na ISO. Ibi bizamini bipima imbaraga zikenewe kugira ngo amarira atangire kandi akwirakwizwe.

Kuki isano iri hagati y’ibintu nyabyo igoye mu kurwanya amarira?

Nsanga isano iri hagati y’ibintu mu buryo bufatika igoye kuko ibizamini byo muri laboratwari bidashobora kwigana neza imiterere y’ikirere, ihumana ry’ikirere n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.