Impamvu imyenda yo kwa muganga ikeneye imikorere irwanya iminkanyari - Byasobanuwe n'impuguke mu myenda

Igitambaro cy'ubuvuziisaba ubushobozi bwo kurwanya iminkanyari kugira ngo isuku ibe nziza, umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza, kandi igaragare neza buri gihe.umwenda usanzwe urwanya iminkanyarini ingenzi cyane mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere no ku myumvire y'abaturage. Urugero,umwenda wo kwa muganga wa TSP 95/5naImyambaro ya poliyesiti 95 ya spandex 5 ikoze mu myambaro ya mugangagutanga izi nyungu. Byongeye kandi,igitambaro cyo kwa muganga cyirukana amazinaumwenda wo kwambara imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa "medical scrub" urambuye mu buryo bunegutanga inkunga y'inyongera y'ingenzi kuri ibi bisabwa by'ingenzi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Kurwanya iminkanyariimyenda y'ubuvuzifasha abaganga kugaragara nk'abanyamwuga. Ibi byubaka icyizere cy'abarwayi. Imyenda igoroye kandi ibuza mikorobe gukura byoroshye. Ibi bituma abarwayi bakomeza kugira umutekano.
• Iyi myenda ituma abarwayi boroherwa cyane. Irinda uruhu kurakara. Imyenda yoroshye igabanya ibisebe ku barwayi bahora mu buriri.
• Imyenda irwanya iminkanyari izigama amafaranga y'ibitaro. Ikenera gusigwa make. Ibi bivuze ko abakozi bamesa imyenda bakora akazi gake. Imyenda nayobimara igihe kirekire, bityo ibitaro bigura ibishya gake cyane.

Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'imyenda yo kwa muganga irwanya iminkanyari mu bikorwa by'ubuvuzi

Gukomeza kugaragara neza mu kazi no kwizera abarwayi

Isura y'umwuga igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo umurwayi abona ireme ry'ubuvuzi n'icyizere. Abahanga mu by'ubuzima bumva ko imyambarire yabo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku ishusho ye. Imyenda y'imyambaro igaragaza uruhare rw'uwambaye, igahindura ishusho rusange y'ubuforomo kandi igahindura icyizere cy'umurwayi. Ishusho ya mbere, ahanini ishingiye ku kugaragara no ku myitwarire, ni ingenzi mu mibanire y'umurwayi n'umuganga. Ibi bitekerezo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ireme ry'imibanire kurenza uko byari bimeze mbere. Imyambarire ikora nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyi shusho ya mbere. Ikora nk'isoko ikomeye y'itumanaho ritari mu magambo. Ibi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku cyizere n'icyizere abarwayi bafitiye abatanga ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibitekerezo bigaragara vuba, rimwe na rimwe mu masegonda 50 gusa. Ibi bigaragaza ingaruka z'ishusho nk'imyenda ku buryo bwihuse ku kuntu umurwayi abona.

Abarwayi bakunze gutekereza ku buryo kwambara kwa muganga ari ingenzi. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi babibona gutyo. Abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'abarwayi bavuga ko kwambara kwa muganga bigira ingaruka ku byishimo byabo mu kwitonda. Imyambarire yemewe n'amakoti yera ni yo ikundwa cyane muri rusange. Ariko, gukaraba amakoti yera ni byo bikundwa cyane mu byumba byo kubaga cyangwa mu byihutirwa. Ibyo abarwayi bakunda biratandukanye bitewe n'akarere, imyaka, igitsina, n'amashuri yiga.

• Abarwayi bashobora gutekereza ko umuntu wambaye ikoti ari umuganga.
• Kwambara ikositimu bishobora kubonwa na bamwe mu barwayi nk'ikimenyetso cyo kubaha.
• Abarwayi bamwe bashobora gusanga ikirego giteye ubwoba cyangwa giteye isoni, cyane cyane ku baganga b'abana.
• Imyambarire idakwiye, nk'amakabutura magufi n'ishati, ntabwo ishobora gutuma abantu bizerana.

Igitambaro cyo kwa muganga kitagira iminkanyariImyambaro y'akazi ikomeza kuba myiza kandi isuku mu gihe cyose cy'akazi. Iyi myitwarire ihoraho y'umwuga ishimangira icyizere n'icyizere ku barwayi babarera.

Kongera isuku no kurwanya ubwandu mu myenda yo kwa muganga

Uburyohe bw'imyenda bugira uruhare mu gufatana kwa bagiteri ku myenda yo kwa muganga. Iyi sano iragoye kandi ikubiyemo ibintu nko kugira imyenge no gutose. Muri rusange, ubuso bugoye ku myenda ikunda amazi bwongera gufatana kwa bagiteri. Butanga ubuso bwinshi n'imirongo. Ariko, ku bikoresho bikunda amazi, ubugari bushobora kugabanya gufatana kwa bagiteri mu kugabanya gukorana bitewe n'umwuka ufunze. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana ko kwiyongera kw'ubugari ku buso bukunda amazi bishobora gutuma habaho gufatana. Ibi bibaho mu kongera gukorana kwa bagiteri mu mikorografiya yo hejuru. Ubuso bugoye, nk'ububoneka ku mashusho ya polyester, bugaragaza gufatana kwa bagiteri kuke ugereranije n'ubugari budafite imyenge. Urugero, ubushakashatsi ku myenda ivanze ya ipamba, polyester, n'ipamba-poliester bwagaragaje ko gufatana kwa bagiteri ari hasi cyane ku myenda isanzwe ya polyester no hejuru cyane ku myenda isanzwe ya ipamba.

Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi nk'amakanzu n'amakariso bigomba gutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku barwayi n'abakoresha. Amabwiriza y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'i Burayi 93/42/EEC abisaba. Ashyira amakanzu yo kubaga, amakariso, n'amakanzu yo mu mwuka mwiza nk'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bidahumanya indwara. Ibi bikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ikirango cya CE. Amahame ngenderwaho ya EN 13795, yashyizweho na Komite ya CEN, avuga ku makanzu, amakariso, n'amakanzu yo mu mwuka mwiza. Akubiyemo:

• EN 13795–1 (2002): Ikemura imikorere myiza mu gukumira kwandura kw'ibintu byandura mu gihe cyo kubaga.
• EN 13795–2 (2004): Isobanura uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bivugwa mu Gice cya I.
• EN 13795–3 (2006): Ibisobanuro birambuye ku mikorere n'urwego rw'ibicuruzwa.

Ibiranga rusange by'ingenzi byasuzumwe na EN 13795 birimo:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'imikorobe mu kwinjira (ikizamini cyumye): Ipima ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byumye bwo kurwanya kwinjira n'uduce turimo mikorobe, tugaragara muri CFU (uduce dutera koloni).
• Ubudahangarwa bw'imikorobe mu kwinjira (ikizamini cy'amazi): Isuzuma ubushobozi bw'imbogamizi mu kurwanya udukoko iyo umwenda uhuye n'amazi yimuka, bigaragazwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'imbogamizi (BI).
• Isuku y'imikorobe: Igaragaza niba hari mikorobe kuri icyo gicuruzwa.
• Isuzuma ry'isuku n'udukoko: Ipima umubare w'uduce (3–25 μm) ku mwenda, ugaragazwa nka IPM (ikimenyetso cy'uduce duto), kuko utwo duce dushobora gutwara mikorobe.

Imyenda n'imyenda byanduye akenshi biba birimo udukoko twinshi duturuka mu mubiri. Bitera ibyago byo kwandura indwara binyuze mu gukoranaho cyangwa mu mwuka. Ariko, kuvanga ubutaka, gukuraho udukoko, no kudakora udukoko bituma imyenda yanduye isuku. Imyenda isukuye neza ifite ingaruka nke ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima n'abarwayi. Ibi ni ukuri iyo itanduye mbere yo kuyikoresha. CDC ivuga ko gupima imyenda isukuye mu buryo buhoraho bidakunze gusobanurwa. Ibi biterwa no kutagira amahame agenga udukoko ku myenda isukuye. Ariko, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'iperereza ry'icyorezo niba imyenda ikekwaho kuba inzira yo kwanduzanya indwara.

FDA yemera amahame y’ubwumvikane ku myenda y’amakanzu. Aya agaragara muri database yayo y’amahame y’ubwumvikane. Ku bikoresho bifite ikirango cy’ubuziranenge, FDA isaba abaterankunga gutanga amakuru yihariye. Ibi birimo uburyo bwo gukingira, ibisobanuro byo kwemeza, n’uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura. Urwego rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge (SAL) rwa 10-6 rurakenewe ku myenda n’amakanzu yo kubaga akoreshwa mu kubaga. FDA inasaba gusuzuma ingingo zijyanye n’ubuziranenge ku myenda y’ubuvuzi. Ibi birimo uburozi mu mubiri, ubukana, no gushyuha.Igitambaro cyo kwa muganga kirwanya iminkanyaribikomeza kugira ubuso bworoshye. Ibi bigabanya ahantu hashobora kwandurira mikorobe kandi bigashyigikira amabwiriza akomeye yo kurwanya ubwandu.

Kunoza ihumure ry'umurwayi n'ubuziranenge bw'uruhu rwe ukoresheje umwenda wo kwa muganga

Imyenda cyangwa amakanzu yo kwa muganga afite iminkanyari ashobora gutera imvune cyangwa ububabare bw'uruhu ku barwayi baryamye ku buriri. Ingamba zo kwita ku ruhu kugira ngo zigabanye ibyago byo gukomereka birimo gukoresha impapuro zumye, zidafite iminkanyari. Imyenda yoroshye kandi igabanya gushwanyagurika. Igabanya ibyago byo gushwanyagurika cyangwa gushwanyagurika k'uruhu. Imyenda ihumeka ifite ubudodo butoroshye yemerera umwuka gutembera. Ibi birinda ubushuhe bwinshi ku ruhu. Bifasha kubungabunga imikorere y'uruhu kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gukura kwa bagiteri. Imyenda iboshye cyane ikunda kuba yoroshye. Ntishobora gutera ubushuhe bwinshi. Ikora uruzitiro rufasha kurinda uruhu ibintu bitera ubushuhe hanze. Imyenda ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukura ubushuhe ifasha uruhu kuguma rwumye. Ikura ibyuya mu mubiri. Ibi birinda kwiyongera kw'ibyuya na bagiteri. Bigabanya kandi ibyago byo gushwanyagurika n'impumuro mbi y'uruhu.

• Imiterere yoroshye ya silk igabanya kwangirika ku ruhu. Ishobora kugabanya gusinzira no kurakara ku ruhu rworoshye cyangwa indwara nka eczema. Inafasha kandi uruhu kuguma rufite amazi kandi rworoshye. Itanga ubushobozi bwo kugenga ubushyuhe.
• Igitambaro cy'imigano gifata neza cyane. Gikuraho ubushuhe kugira ngo uruhu rugume rwumye. Gisanzwe gitera indwara zo kurwanya imigera n'imiti irwanya udukoko. Ibi bifasha mu kwirinda indwara z'uruhu no kugabanya impumuro mbi. Uburyohe bwacyo n'uburyohe bwacyo bigabanya ubushyuhe. Guhumeka kwacyo bifasha mu kugenzura ubushyuhe. Kinarinda imirasire y'izuba.

Igitambaro cyo kwa muganga kirwanya iminkanyari gitanga ubuso bworoshye ku ruhu rw'umurwayi. Ibi byongera ihumure kandi bigafasha mu kwirinda kwangirika k'uruhu, cyane cyane ku barwayi batishoboye.

Kugera ku musaruro urwanya iminkanyari mu myenda y'ubuvuzi: Igitekerezo cy'impuguke mu myenda

Impuguke mu myenda zikoresha ingamba zitandukanye kugira ngo zikore imikorere yo kurwanya iminkanyari mu myenda y’ubuvuzi. Ubu buryo buva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo bikwiye kugeza ku gukoresha imiti igezweho no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Buri buryo bugira uruhare runini mu gukora imyenda yujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi.

Guhitamo Fibre n'Ubwubatsi bw'Imyenda yo Kwa muganga

Guhitamo imigozi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bw'imyenda bwo kurwanya iminkanyari. Imigozi ya sintetike nka polyester isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kugarura iminkanyari kurusha imigozi karemano nka ipamba. Ariko, imyenda ya sintetike ishobora kubura ihumure n'umwuka mwiza ukunze kwifuzwa mu buvuzi. Kubwibyo, abakora iyo myenda bakunze gukoreshainsinga zivanze.

• Kwitaho byoroshye: Guvanga imigozi akenshi bituma imyenda idakunda kwangirika cyane. Ibi bigabanya gukenera gutera ipasi. Polyester igira akamaro cyane mu kubigeraho.
• Imiterere myiza y'imyenda: Guhuza imigozi bituma abakora imyenda bashobora gukora imyenda iramba, irwanya iminkanyari, kandi ikoroha kurushaho.
• Uruvange rw'ipamba: Polyester igira imbaraga, iramba, kandi irinda iminkanyari. Ipamba yongera ubworoherane n'umwuka woroshye guhumeka. Ibi bituma habaho uburinganire mu ihumure no kwitabwaho byoroshye.
• Iminkanyari mike: Akamaro k'ibanze k'imyenda ivanze ni uko idakunda kumera nabi. Akenshi ikenera gusigwa ipasi gake.

Ku bijyanye n'imashini zo kwa muganga, kuvanga ipamba n'imyenda ya sintetike byongera kuramba no kudacika iminkanyari. Ibi bituma imashini zo kwa muganga zikomera kandi zigakomeza kwangirika. Bituma ziramba kandi zikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuzisimbuza.Uruvange rwa polyester n'ipambaBiroroshye kwitaho, biraramba, kandi ntibipfa gushwanyagurika. Ibi bituma biba byiza ku banyamwuga bahugiye mu myambarire idakenera kwitabwaho cyane. Uruvange rwa polyester-viscose rutanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya iminkanyari ugereranije n'ipamba cyangwa viscose. Bituma imisatsi igumana isura nziza mu gihe kirekire kandi idasaba ko ipasi igabanuka. Polyester kandi yongera imbaraga zo kuramba, idapfa kwangirika, kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya.

Uretse guhitamo fibre, uburyo abakora imyenda bakoramo bigira ingaruka ku kudacika kw'iminkanyari. Imiterere y'imyenda cyangwa ubudozi igira uruhare runini mu buryo imyenda isubirana nyuma yo gucika.

Urugero, imyenda iboshywe n'ubudodo ikunze kugaragaza ko iminkanyari ikira neza ugereranije n'imyenda iboshywe. Ibi biterwa n'uko iramba. Imyenda minini kandi ifite uburemere bwinshi kuri buri gice na yo ikunda kugaragaza ko iminkanyari ikira neza.

Imitako n'uburyo bwo kuvura imyenda yo kwa muganga

Imitako y’imiti ni ikindi gikoresho cy’ingenzi mu guha imyenda ubushobozi bwo kurwanya iminkanyari. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura buhindura imiyoboro ku rwego rwa molekile, buyifasha kwirinda gushonga no kongera kugira imiterere yayo yoroshye.

Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvura, nk'ubukoresha DMDHEU (dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea), bwatanze ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya iminkanyari. Bwageze ku nguni zo kuvura iminkanyari kugeza kuri 304° kandi nta mbaraga nyinshi zagabanutse. Ariko, uburyo gakondo bwo kuvura DMDHEU bwakomeje gutuma habaho kanseri nka formaldehyde. Ibi byagize ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abantu no ku bidukikije.

Ubu inganda z'imyenda zibanda ku guteza imbere ubundi buryo budafite formaldehyde. Ubu buryo bushya butanga umusaruro nk'uwo nta ngaruka mbi ku buzima.

• Imikorere myiza: Ikoranabuhanga rya PUREPRESS™, uburyo butagira formaldehyde, bwongera imbaraga zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gucika, no kudashwanyagurika. Rirusha ubwiza busanzwe bwo gukanda burambye.
• Isura n'impumuro mbi: Ubu buryo bugabanya umuhondo, impinduka z'ibara ry'igicucu, n'impumuro mbi.
• Uburyohe: Igera ku rwego rworoshye nk'urw'amaresini asanzwe.
• Imyenda iboshye: Ku myenda iboshywe, bituma igabanuka ry'ubusatsi, ibimenyetso byo kwangirika bigabanuka, kandi imbaraga zo gucika, imbaraga zo gukurura, no kudacika intege.
• Imyenda iboha: Ku myenda iboshywe, itanga iterambere rigaragara mu miterere y'ubuso kandi irushaho kurwanya ubugoryi n'uburiganya.

Uburyo bwa mbere budafite formaldehyde, nka aside polycarboxylic cross-linking agents, bwahuye n'imbogamizi. Ubudahangarwa bwazo bwo kudacika iminkanyari no gukaraba ntibwari bwiza cyane. Zagaragaje "icyuho kinini" ugereranije n'imyenda yakozwe mu ipamba ya DMDHEU. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa bukomeje kunoza ubwo buryo butekanye.

Udushya mu buhanga mu by'ubuganga mu by'imyenda

Ubuhanga buhanitse bw’ubuhanga n’imyenda igezweho ni byo bya mbere mu iterambere ry’imyenda yo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi irwanya iminkanyari. Ubu buhanga butuma imyenda irushaho gukora neza, bugatanga umusaruro mwiza kandi urambye.

Nanopolymers yongera imiterere y'imyenda. Zituma imyenda idacika iminkanyari kandi idacika intege, bigatuma igumana imiterere yayo. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane ku myenda ikeneye kugumana isura yayo, nk'imyenda y'ubuvuzi. Nanotechnology yemerera injeniyeri gukora imyenda ifite imiterere myinshi myiza.

• Kwirinda amazi
• Imiterere y'imiti irwanya bagiteri
• Uburinzi bwa UV
• Kugenzura impumuro mbi
• Ubudahangarwa bw'iminkanyari
• Kuramba
• Imiterere irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Izi myenda igezweho ihuza ibikoresho n'imikorere igezweho. Ntabwo zitanga gusa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya iminkanyari, ahubwo zinatanga n'ibindi bintu byinshi bikingira kandi bikongera ihumure. Ubu buryo buhuriweho butuma imyenda y'ubuvuzi ihura n'ibikenewe mu buvuzi bwa none.

Uburyo bwo gukora neza no kuzigama amafaranga ukoresheje umwenda wo kwa muganga urwanya iminkanyari

Kugabanya gutunganya imyenda no gukora imirimo yo kwa muganga

Imiterere yo kurwanya iminkanyari mu myenda yo kwa muganga yoroshya cyane imirimo yo kumesa. Imyenda idacika idasaba gusigwa cyane. Ibi bivuze ko amasaha y'akazi ku bakozi bamesa agabanuka. Ibigo nderabuzima bishobora gutunganya imyenda n'imyenda byihuse. Ubu buryo butuma habaho igihe cyo gukora ibintu by'ingenzi vuba. Binagabanya ikiguzi rusange cy'imirimo ijyanye na serivisi zo kumesa. Kugabanuka k'ubukene bwo gukanda cyane bizigama umwanya n'ingufu.

Kongera igihe cyo kubaho no kuramba kw'imyenda yo kwa muganga

Uburyo bwo kuvura iminkanyari n'imiterere y'imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru byongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'imyenda yo kwa muganga. Gutera ipasi cyane bigabanya cyane kuramba kw'imyenda.Indodo z'ipambaUrugero, zishobora gutakaza hafi 10% by'imbaraga zazo zo gukurura nyuma y'amasaha 50 gusa yo gukanda cyane. Uku kwangirika guterwa no gucika intege no gufunga, cyane cyane ahantu hashyushye cyane. Kugabanya gukenera gutera ipasi, inyungu yo kurwanya iminkanyari, bikomeza ubuziranenge bw'imyenda. Impeta ziramba, zikunze gukoreshwa ku myenda ya cellulosic nka ipamba, zikuraho gukenera gutera ipasi. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butanga ingaruka zo guhuza iminyururu ya cellulosic, bigatuma habaho imiterere idafite iminkanyari. Imyenda ikozwe mu byuma by'ubukorikori ntabwo ipfa iminkanyari. Ibi bigabanya gukenera gutera ipasi kandi bikagira uruhare mu kuramba kwabyo. Uku kuramba kw'igihe bivuze ko ibikoresho bisimbura ibintu gake cyane.

Akamaro k'imyenda yo kwa muganga irwanya iminkanyari ku bidukikije

Ibyiza byo kuvura imyenda irwanya iminkanyari ni byinshi ku bidukikije. Gutera ipasi nke bivuze ko ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rigabanuka. Imashini zikora imashini n'izikoresha amashanyarazi menshi. Kugabanya imikorere yazo bizigama ingufu. Byongeye kandi, gukaraba inshuro nke cyangwa nke cyane bishobora no gufasha mu kuzigama amazi. Imyenda igumana isura yayo igihe kirekire igabanya imyanda y'imyenda. Ibi bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije ziterwa no gukora no guta ibintu bishya. Izi nyungu zijyanye n'uburyo burambye bwo kwita ku buzima.

Kurwanya iminkanyari mu myenda yo kwa muganga ni ikintu cy'ingenzi, si ukubera ubwiza gusa. Bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku isuku, kwita ku barwayi, imikorere myiza, no kwizerwa n'umwuga wabo. Gusobanukirwa izi nyungu bigaragaza uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa siyansi y'imyenda mu buvuzi bwa none. Iyi mitungo ishimangira umutekano, ihumure, n'icyizere mu buvuzi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki imikorere yo kurwanya iminkanyari ari ingenzi ku myenda yo kwa muganga?

Irwanya iminkanyari ituma umuntu asa neza n'umwuga. Yongera isuku igabanya aho mikorobe zinjira. Yongera kandi ihumure ku murwayi irinda uruhu kurakara.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imyenda ifasha imyenda yo kwa muganga kurwanya iminkanyari?

Indodo za sintetike, nka polyester, zirwanya iminkanyari mu buryo busanzwe. Uruvange n'ipamba nabyo biramba kandi birwanya iminkanyari. Imitako y'imyenda, nko kuboha imyenda, na byo bigira uruhare mu gutuma ikora neza.

Ni gute imyenda yo kwa muganga irwanya iminkanyari izigama amafaranga y’ibigo nderabuzima?

Bigabanya igihe cyo gutunganya imyenda n'akazi. Iyi myenda kandi yongera igihe cyo kubaho, bigagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyisimbura. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gutuma ikoreshwa ryayo rirushaho kuba ryiza.