ASTM vs. ISO Standards: Kuedza Nzira dzePamusoro Dye Fabric Colorfastness

Testingpamusoro dhayi jiranokutijira colorfastnessinochengetedza kugara kwayo uye kushanda kwayo. ASTM uye ISO zviyero zvinopa nhungamiro dzakasiyana dzekuongorora zvinhu zvakaitapolyester rayon jirauyepoly viscose jira. Kunzwisisa kusiyana uku kunobatsira maindasitiri kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekuyedzapolyester rayon yakasanganiswa jira. Izvi zvinogonesa kuenderana kwemhando mumaapplication, kuwedzera kugutsikana kwevatengi.

Key Takeaways

• Miyero yeASTM ndeyechokwadi uye inoshanda nemazvo muNorth America. Ivo vanovimbisa kutendeka bvunzo dzepamusoro machira edhayi.
• ISO zviyero zvine chinangwa chekushandiswa pasirese, kukodzera kutengeserana kwepasirese uye misika yakasiyana.
• Kugadzirira sampuli dzejira nemazvoyakakosha pamigumisiro yakanaka yebvunzo. Inoita kuti jira rakagadzikana uye rinoderedza kuchinja.

Mhedziso yeASTM uye ISO Mitemo

Kutsanangura ASTM Standards

ASTM International, yaimbozivikanwa seAmerican Society for Testing and Equipment, inovandudza kuzvipira kwekubvumirana zviyero zvezvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa, masisitimu, uye masevhisi. Aya mazinga anovimbisa kuenderana uye kuvimbika munzira dzekuyedza. Ini kazhinji ndinowana ASTM zviyero zvakanyanya kubatsira kunekuongorora chimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikarizvemicheka, kusanganisira dhayi yepamusoro. Nhungamiro dzavo dzinozivikanwa zvakanyanya muNorth America uye dzinowanzorongedzerwa kuti dziite zvinodiwa nedunhu.

Kutsanangura ISO Mitemo

Sangano reInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) rinogadzira zviyero zvinogamuchirwa pasi rose zvinokurudzira kutengeserana kwenyika uye hunyanzvi. ISO zviyero zvinotarisa kuwiriranisa maitiro mumaindasitiri nematunhu. Zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvinotsanangura zviyero zveISO zvinopa kujekeswa pamatemu uye kutevedzera. Semuyenzaniso:

• Inotsanangura mazwi ekutanga, kubatsira vashandisi kunzwisisa tsananguro uye maitiro.
• Inosimbisa kukosha kwemazwi chaiwo, akadai semusiyano pakati pe "shall" (zvinosungirwa) uye "zvinofanira" (zvinokurudzirwa).
• Inovimbisa kutevedza nekujekesa zvinodiwa kuti zviitwe.

Mashoko aya anoita kuti ISO zviyero zvive zvakakosha kumaindasitiri anoshanda mumisika yepasi rose.

Adoption uye Global Relevance

Kugamuchirwa kweASTM uye ISO zviyero zvinosiyana nedunhu uye indasitiri. Miyero yeASTM inotonga muNorth America, nepo ISO zviyero zvine nzvimbo yakakura yepasirese. Tafura inotevera inoratidza kukosha kwavo pamusika:

Iyi data inosimbisa kukosha kwekusarudza mwero wakakodzera zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye indasitiri-zvakanangana nezvinodiwa. Semuenzaniso, makambani anogadzira machira edhayi epamusoro ekutengesa kunze kwenyika anofaniraenderana ne ISO zviyerokusangana nezvinodiwa zvekutengeserana kwenyika dzese.

Kuedza Nzira dzePamusoro Dye Fabric

ASTM Test Procedures

Pakuedzapamusoro dhayi jiraNdichishandisa ASTM zviyero, ini ndinovimba nematanho avo akanyatsotsanangurwa kuti ave nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kudzokorora. ASTM D5034, semuenzaniso, inotsanangura iyo yekubvuta bvunzo nzira yekuongorora simba rejira. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kusungirira sampuli yejira uye kushandisa simba kusvikira yatyoka. Kune colorfastness, ASTM D2054 inopa yakadzama sisitimu yekuongorora kuramba kupera pasi pekuratidzwa kwechiedza. Maedzo aya anoitwa pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa kuti aderedze ekunze akasiyana.

Miyero yeASTM inosimbisa kurongeka. Vanoda chaiyo midziyo calibration uye kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekuyedza inofanirwa kuchengetedza tembiricha inowirirana uye humidity mazinga. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti zvigumisiro hazvigadziriswi nezvinhu zvekunze. Ini ndinoona iyi nhungamiro inonyanya kubatsira kana ndichishanda nepolyester rayon kana machira epoly viscose, sezvo achibatsira kuchengetedza kuwirirana pamabhechi.

ISO Testing Procedus

ISO mazinga ekuyedza epamusoro dhayi machira anotarisa kuwiriranisa uye kushanda kwepasirese. ISO 105 B02 uye EN ISO 105-B04 ndiwo mareferensi akakosha ekuongorora.colorfastness. Aya mazinga anotsanangura nzira dzekufumura machira emasampu kune ekugadzira magetsi masosi, kutevedzera mamiriro epasirese. Nekuomerera kune aya maprotocol, ini ndinogona kuve neakavimbika uye anowirirana mhedzisiro.

ISO zviyero zvakare inosimbisa kukosha kwekugadzirisa michina uye maitiro akajairwa. Regular calibration inodzikisira kusiyanisa mukuyedza mhinduro. Iyi nzira haingovimbisi chokwadi chete asiwo inovaka kuvimba mumusika. Vagadziri vanotevedzera ISO zviyero vanowana mukwikwidzi nekuratidza kuzvipira kwavo kune mhando.

• ISO 105 B02 uye EN ISO 105-B04 nzira dzekuyedza kusimba kwemavara mumachira.
• Yakamisikidzwa maprotocol uye yenguva dzose midziyo calibration inoderedza kusiyana kwemhedzisiro.
• Kutevera zviyero izvi kunowedzera kuvimbika uye kuvimba kwemusika.

Misiyano Yakakosha Munzira dzekuedza

Musiyano wekutanga pakati peASTM uye ISO nzira dzekuyedza uri mukutarisisa kwavo uye chiyero. ASTM zviyero zvinowanzoenderana nedunhu, zvinopa maindasitiri ekuNorth America. Vanokoshesa kurongeka uye vakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemitemo yenzvimbo. Mukupesana, ISO zviyero zvine chinangwa chekubatana kwepasirese. Vanopa hurongwa hwepasi rose hunofambisa kutengeserana kwenyika dzose.

Mumwe mutsauko ndeyeyero yeruzivo mumuenzaniso wekugadzirira uye mamiriro ekuyedza. Nhungamiro dzeASTM dzakananga zvakanyanya, kazhinji dzinoda kuteedzera kwakasimba kukudzora kwezvakatipoteredza. ISO zviyero, nepo zvakaomesesa, zvinopa kuchinjika kwakawanda kugarisa akasiyana maitiro epasirese. Izvi zvinoita kuti ISO zviyero zvinyatsokodzera vagadziri vakananga kumisika yepasirese.

Mune ruzivo rwangu, sarudzo pakati peASTM neISO zviyero zvinoenderana neyakagadzirirwa application uye musika wakanangana. Zvekushandisa mudzimba, ASTM zviyero zvinopa yakavimbika chimiro. Nekuita kwepasi rose, zviyero zve ISO zvinopa kuenderana kunodiwa kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa pasi rese.

Muenzaniso Kugadzirira uye Mamiriro

ASTM Nhungamiro dzeSample Kugadzirira

Kana ndichigadzira masampula ekuyedzwa pasi peASTM zviyero, ini ndinotevera nhungamiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana. ASTM inosimbisa kukosha kwekucheka machira masampula nemazvo. Samples dzinofanirwa kunge dzisina hurema, senge creases kana mavara, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mhinduro dzebvunzo. Kune jira redhayi repamusoro, ini ndinove nechokwadi chekuti sampuli inomiririra batch rese nekunzvenga zvikamu padyo nemicheto kana kumagumo epumburu. ASTM inotsanangudzawo hukuru hwemayedzo emuenzaniso, ayo anosiyana zvichienderana nenzira yekuyedza. Semuyenzaniso, tensile simba bvunzo zvinoda rectangular samples yeimwe saizi. Iyi mirairo yakadzama inobatsira kuchengetedza kufanana mukati mebvunzo.

ISO Nhungamiro dzeSample Kugadzirira

ISO zviyero zvinopa zvakaenzana zvakaomesesa asi pasi rose zvakawiriraniswa nhungamiro yekugadzirira sampuli. Ini ndinogadzirisa zvienzaniso kwemaawa angangoita mana ndisati ndaongororwa, ndichitevera ISO 139. Izvi zvinoita kuti jira rinodzikama pasi pemamiriro emuchadenga. Ini ndinoisa jira rakati sandara pasina kunetsana ndisati ndacheka, ndichivimbisa saizi ye500mm ne500mm. Kuti ndidzivise kusawirirana, ini handina kumbocheka masampuli mukati memita imwe kubva kumagumo epumburu kana 150mm kubva kumicheto yejira. Aya maitiro anovimbisa kuti sampuli inomiririra zvakakwana kunaka kwejira. Nzvimbo yekuyedza inofanirwa kuchengetedza tembiricha ye20±2 °C uye hunyoro hwe65 ± 4%. Mamiriro aya anoderedza kusiyana kwezvigumisiro.

Conditioning Zvinodiwa: ASTM vs. ISO

Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirisa zveASTM uye ISO zviyero zvinosiyana zvishoma munzira yavo. ASTM inotarisa kuchengetedza kwakasimba kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza panguva yekuyedzwa. Ini ndinove nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha uye hunyoro hwerabhoritari zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nenzira yekuyedza. ISO, kune rumwe rutivi, inosimbisa pre-conditioning jira risati raedzwa. Iyi nhanho inoita kuti zvinhu zvisvike pakuenzana pasi pemamiriro akajairwa. Nepo ese mazinga aine chinangwa chekudzikisa kusiyanisa, ISO pre-conditioning maitiro inopa kuchinjika kukuru kwezvikumbiro zvepasi rose. Muchiitiko changu, musiyano uyu unova wakakosha kana uchiyedza dhayi yepamusoro yemisika yepasirese.

Applicability Across Industries

Maindasitiri Anoshandisa ASTM Mayero

Miyero yeASTM inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri anotungamira kurongeka uye nedunhu-zvakananga zvinodiwa. Mune ruzivo rwangu, themachira nemakambani ekugadziravimba zvakanyanya pazviyero izvi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuita kwechigadzirwa uye kunaka. Semuenzaniso, ASTM nhungamiro dzinobatsira kuwiriranisa maitiro mukati meiyo machira kukosha cheni, kuwedzera kutenderera uye kutsigira musika kusimudzira. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvigadzirwa zvakaita sembatya nemidziyo yemumba, uko zviyero zvakasiyana zvinogadzirisa hunhu hwakasiyana.

Kupfuura machira, ASTM zviyero zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akadai se petroleum, kuvaka, uye kugadzira. Aya masekita anobatsirwa kubva kune akadzama maprotocol akagadzirirwa kune avo chaiwo zvavanoda. Semuyenzaniso:

• Petroleum: Maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi uye kunatswa.
• Kuvaka: Nhungamiro yezvinhu zvekuvaka uye maitiro.
• Kugadzira: Protocols yemaitiro ekugadzira uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando.

Kutarisa kwekuteerera kunofambisa kukura mumaindasitiri akatarisana nevatengi, uko kuvimbiswa kwemhando kwakakosha. Ndakaona kuti ASTM zviyero zvinopa sei kuvimbika kunodiwa kuita izvi zvinodiwa.

Maindasitiri Anoshandisa ISO Mitemo

ISO zviyero zvinopa maindasitiri anoshanda mumisika yepasi rose. Kusimbisa kwavo kuwiriranisa kunovimbisa kuenderana kuyambuka miganhu. Ndawana zviyero zveISO zvakanyanya kukosha muzvikamu zvinoda kupedzwa kwemhando yepamusoro, senge simbi isina tsvina yemagetsi. ISO 15730, semuenzaniso, inoisa bhenji repasi rose rekuita uku, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuita.

Maindasitiri akatarisana nevatengi anobatsirwawo kubva mukushanda kweISO kwepasi rose. Iyo Testing, Inspection, uye Certification (TIC) musika wakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuda kwekusimbiswa kwemhando. Nekuomerera kune ISO zviyero, makambani anoratidza kuzvipira kwavo kune kugona, kuwana mukana wekukwikwidza mumisika yepasirese.

Dunhu maringe neGlobal Applications

Sarudzo pakati peASTM neISO zviyero zvinowanzoenderana neiyo geographic uye chirongwa-chakanangana nezvinodiwa. Miyero yeASTM inotonga mumusika weAmerica, ichipa yakadzama uye yakanangana nedunhu nhungamiro. Kusiyana neizvi, zviyero zveISO zvinozivikanwa pasi rose, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanakira zvirongwa zvepasi rose. Semuyenzaniso, nepo ASTM miyero ichikunda mukugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvekutonga munharaunda, ISO zviyero zvinopa kuenderana kunodiwa pakuita zvekuyambuka muganhu.

Musiyano uyu unova pachena mumaindasitiri akaita semachira. Makambani anogadzira machira edhayi epamusoro ekutengesa kunze anowanzo enderana nezviyero zveISO kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa pakutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Nekune rimwe divi, avo vanoitira misika yepamba vanogona kusarudza ASTM zviyero zvekunyatsoita uye kukosha kwedunhu.

Evaluation Criteria yeColourfastness

ASTM Kuongorora Maitiro

ASTM zviyero zvinopa yakarongeka maitiro kunekuongorora colorfastness. Ini ndinovimba neASTM D2054 uye ASTM D5035 yekuongorora kuramba kwejira redhayi repamusoro kupera nekupfeka. Aya mazinga anoshandisa manhamba magiredhi masisitimu kuyera mashandiro pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Semuenzaniso, ASTM D2054 inoongorora kusimba kwemavara kune kuratidzwa kwechiedza, nepo ASTM D5035 inotarisa pakusimba uye kusimba. Muedzo wega wega unotevera maprotocol akasimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana.

Iyo grading system muASTM zviyero zvinowanzotangira pa1 kusvika pa5, apo 1 inoratidza kusaita zvakanaka uye 5 inomiririra kuramba kwakanaka. Ini ndinoona iyi sisitimu yakatwasuka uye inoshanda pakuenzanisa jira remhando. Semuyenzaniso, jira rine giredhi re4 kana kupfuura rinoratidza kuramba kwakasimba pakupera, zvichiita kuti rive rakakodzera kushandiswa kwekutengesa. ASTM zviyero zvakare inosimbisa kudzokorora, inoda bvunzo dzakawanda kusimbisa mhedzisiro. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuvimbika kana uchiongorora machira senge polyester rayon blends.

ISO Evaluation Standards

ISO zviyero zvinotora nzira yepasirese yekuongorora colorfastness. Ini kazhinji ndinoshandisa ISO 105-B02 uye ISO 105-C06 yekuyedza dhayi jira repamusoro. Aya maitiro anoongorora kuramba kuchiedza uye kushamba, zvichiteerana. ISO's grading system inoshandisawo manhamba ratings, asi inosanganisira mamwe maitiro ekuzvidavirira kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinoita kuti ISO mazinga anyanyo batsira kumachira akagadzirirwa misika yepasirese.

Iyo ISO giredhi sikero inotangira pa1 kusvika pa8 yekureruka uye 1 kusvika 5 yekukurumidza kugeza. Nhamba dzepamusoro dzinoratidza kushanda kuri nani. Semuyenzaniso, jira rine lightfastness giredhi re6 kana kupfuura rinoonekwa serinosimba zvakanyanya pasi pekuratidzwa kwezuva kwenguva refu. ISO zviyero zvakare zvinokurudzira pre-conditioning samples kuti ive nechokwadi chemhedzisiro. Iyi nhanho inoderedza kusiyana uye inowedzera kuvimbika kwemaitiro ekuongorora.

Kuenzanisira, tafura iri pazasi inopfupikisa nhamba yedata rekuongorora kukurumidza kugeza mumucheka wedhayi wepamusoro:

Iyi data inosimbisa iyokukosha kwekuwana zviyero zvepamusorokuzadzisa zviyero zvekutengeserana.

Kuenzanisa kweGrading Systems

Iwo magiredhi masisitimu muASTM uye ISO zviyero anosiyana muhukuru uye mashandisiro. ASTM inoshandisa chiyero chakareruka, ichitarisa kune chaiwo mametric ekuita senge kusimba kana kusimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanakira misika yemumba uko kurongeka kwakakosha. Kusiyana neizvi, zviyero zveISO zvinopa hurongwa hwakazara, hunoenderana nekusiyana kwepasirese mumamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekushandiswa.

Musiyano mumwe unocherechedzwa uri muzvikero zvenhamba. ASTM's 1-to-5 chiyero chinopa ongororo yakatwasuka, nepo ISO zvikero zvichisiyana zvichienderana nebvunzo. Semuyenzaniso, ISO 105-B02 inoshandisa chikero che1 kusvika ku8 pakureruka, ichipa granularity yakakura. Izvi zvinobvumira kuongororwa kwakadzama, kwandinoona kunobatsira pakuyedza machira evatengi vepasirese.

Masisitimu ese ari maviri anovavarira kuona machira emhando, asi maitiro avo anoratidza misika yavanoda. ASTM zviyero zvinotungamira kurongeka uye kudzokorora, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera maindasitiri eNorth America. ISO zviyero zvinosimbisa kuwirirana uye kuchinjika, kugovera kumisika yepasirese. Kusarudza hurongwa hwakakodzera hunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti uye vateereri vanotarisirwa.

ASTM uye ISO zviyero zvakasiyana munzira dzekuyedza, gadziriro yemuenzaniso, uye maitiro ekuongorora. ASTM inokoshesa kurongeka, nepo ISO inotarisa kuwiriranisa kwepasirese. Semuyenzaniso:

Kusarudza chiyero chakakodzera kunovimbisa kusimba kwejira redhayi uye mhando, kusangana neindasitiri-chaiyo uye geographic zvinoda.

FAQ

Ndeupi musiyano mukuru pakati peASTM uye ISO zviyero?

Miyero yeASTM inotarisa pane chaiyo uye zvinodiwa zvedunhu, nepo ISO zviyero zvinosimbisa kuwirirana kwepasirese. Ini ndinokurudzira ASTM yemisika yemumba uye ISO yezvikumbiro zvepasirese.

Nei sampuli yekumisikidza yakakosha mukuyedzwa kwejira?

Sample conditioning inovimbisa mhedzisiro inowirirana nekudzikamisa machira zvivakwa pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa. Iyi nhanho inoderedza kushanduka, kunyanya kana uchiyedza machira edhayi epamusoro kuti agare.

Ini ndinosarudza sei pakati peASTM neISO zviyero zvepurojekiti yangu?

Funga nezvemusika wako waunoda. Kune maNorth America maindasitiri, ini ndinokurudzira ASTM zviyero. Pakuita kwepasi rose, zviyero zve ISO zvinopa kuenderana kunodiwa kuteedzera kwenyika.