Nekukura kukuru kwemafiber emakemikari, kune mhando dzakawanda dzefiber. Kuwedzera kumafiber akajairika, mhando dzakawanda itsva dzakadai sefibers dzakakosha, fibers dzakasanganiswa, uye fibers dzakagadziriswa dzakaonekwa mumafiber emakemikari. Kuti zvive nyore kutungamira kugadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa, kuzivikanwa kwesainzi kwemafiber emucheka kunodiwa.
Kuzivikanwa kwefiber kunosanganisira kuzivikanwa kwehunhu hwechimiro uye kuzivikanwa kwehunhu hwepanyama nemakemikari. Kuongororwa kwe microscopic kunowanzo shandiswa kuona hunhu hwechimiro.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuziva hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari, dzakadai senzira yekupisa, nzira yekunyungudutsa, nzira yekupenda reagent, nzira yekunyungudutsa, nzira chaiyo yegiravhiti, nzira yekubiridzira, nzira yeX-ray diffraction uye nzira yeinfrared absorption spectroscopy, nezvimwewo.
1. Nzira yekutarisa maikorosikopu
Kushandisa maikorosikopu kuona chimiro chetambo refu uye dzakaparadzana ndiyo nzira huru yekuziva tambo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemachira, uye inowanzoshandiswa kuona mhando dzetambo. Ntambo dzechisikigo imwe neimwe ine chimiro chakakosha chinogona kuzivikanwa nemazvo pasi pemaikorosikopu. Semuenzaniso, tambo dzedonje dzakati sandara munzira refu, dzine kutenderedzwa kwechisikigo, chikamu chakatenderera chiuno, uye gomba repakati. Nhudzi dzakakombama kwenguva refu, dzine makwande pamusoro, uye dzakaita denderedzwa kana kuti oval muchikamu chakaparadzana. Mamwe mvere dzemakwai ane pith pakati. Jute ine mafundo akataramuka uye mitsetse yakatwasuka munzira refu, chikamu chakaparadzana chine polygonal, uye gomba repakati rakakura.
2. Nzira yekupisa
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekuziva shinda dzechisikigo. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemakemikari ari mushinda, hunhu hwekutsva hwakasiyanawo. Nshinda dzecellulose neshinda dzeprotein zvinogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nekureruka kwekupisa shinda, kungave dziri thermoplastic, hwema hunobuda panguva yekutsva, uye hunhu hwedota mushure mekutsva.
Matayi eCellulose akadai sedonje, hemp, uye viscose anokurumidza kupisa kana asangana nemurazvo, uye anoramba achitsva mushure mekubuda mumurazvo, nekunhuhwirira kwepepa rinotsva, zvichisiya dota diki diki rakapfava regrey mushure mekutsva; matayi eprotein akadai semvere dzemakwai nesirika anopisa zvishoma nezvishoma kana asangana nemurazvo, uye obva mumurazvo. Mushure meizvozvo, wakaramba uchitsva zvishoma nezvishoma, nekunhuhwirira kweminhenga inotsva, uchisiya madota matema akapwanyika mushure mekutsva.
| rudzi rwefaibha | pedyo nemurazvo | mumoto | siya murazvo | kunhuhwirira kunopisa | Fomu rezvasara |
| Tencel faibha | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana kudzikira | pisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | madota matema matema |
Faibha yemhando yepamusoro | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana kudzikira | pisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | madota matema matema |
| faibha yemishenjere | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana kudzikira | pisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | madota matema matema |
| Faibha yeViscose | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana kudzikira | pisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | dota diki diki risina kuchena |
| faibha yepolyester | deredza kunyunguduka | Tanga wanyungudutsa wobva wapisa, mvura inodonha | inogona kurebesa kupisa | kunhuhwirira kwakakosha | Bhora rakaoma rakaita segirazi rebrown dema |
3. Nzira yekunyungudutsa
Fiber dzinosiyaniswa zvichienderana nekunyungudika kwemachira akasiyana-siyana mumakemikari akasiyana. Chimwe chinhu chinonyungudika chinogona kunyungudutsa machira akasiyana-siyana, saka kana uchishandisa nzira yekunyungudika kuona machira, zvinodikanwa kuti urambe uchiita bvunzo dzakasiyana dzekunyungudika kwe solvent kuti usimbise rudzi rwemachira akawanikwa. Nzira yekunyungudika Pakuziva zvikamu zvakasanganiswa zvezvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa, chimwe chinhu chinonyungudika chinogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa machira echimwe chinhu, uye chimwe chinhu chinonyungudika chinogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa machira echimwe chinhu. Nzira iyi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuongorora kuumbwa uye zviri mukati memachira akasiyana-siyana muzvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa. Kana huwandu nekupisa kwechinhu chinonyungudika zvakasiyana, kunyungudika kwefiber kwakasiyana.
Fiber inofanira kuzivikanwa inogona kuiswa muchubhu yekuyedza, yobayiwa neimwe solvent, yokurunga negirazi rod, uye kunyungudika kwefiber kunogona kuonekwa. Kana huwandu hwefiber huri hudiki kwazvo, sampuro inogonawo kuiswa mugirazi rakatsetseka rine pamusoro pe concave, yodonhedzwa ne solvent, yakafukidzwa negirazi rinotsvedza, uye yoonekwa zvakananga pasi pe microscope. Pakushandisa nzira yekunyungudika kuona fibers, kuwanda kwe solvent uye tembiricha yekupisa zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya, uye kutarisisa kunofanira kupihwa kumhanya kwekunyungudika kwefibers. Kushandisa nzira yekunyungudika kunoda kunzwisisa kwakarurama kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari efiber, uye maitiro ekuongorora akaomarara.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuziva machira ejira. Mukuita, nzira imwe chete haigone kushandiswa, asi nzira dzinoverengeka dzinodiwa pakuongorora kwakakwana nekutsvagisa. Maitiro ekuziva machira nenzira yakarongeka ndeyekubatanidza nesainzi nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuziva.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-06-2022