Ka ntshetsopele e kgolo ya difaeba tsa dikhemikhale, ho na le mefuta e mengata ya difaeba. Ntle le difaeba tse akaretsang, mefuta e mengata e metjha e kang difaeba tse ikgethang, difaeba tse kopaneng, le difaeba tse fetotsweng e hlahile difaebeng tsa dikhemikhale. E le ho nolofatsa tsamaiso ya tlhahiso le tlhahlobo ya dihlahiswa, ho hlokahala tlhahisoleseding ya saense ya difaeba tsa masela.
Ho tsebahatsa faeba ho kenyeletsa ho tsebahatsa litšobotsi tsa sebopeho le ho tsebahatsa litšobotsi tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ho shebella ha microscopic ho atisa ho sebelisoa ho tsebahatsa litšobotsi tsa sebopeho.
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho khetholla litšobotsi tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale, joalo ka mokhoa oa ho chesa, mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha, mokhoa oa ho taka oa reagent, mokhoa oa ntlha ea ho qhibiliha, mokhoa o itseng oa matla a khoheli, mokhoa oa birefringence, mokhoa oa diffraction oa X-ray le mokhoa oa infrared absorption spectroscopy, jj.
1. Mokhoa oa ho shebella microscope
Ho sebelisa microscope ho bona sebopeho sa likhoele tse telele le tse tšekaletseng ke mokhoa oa motheo oa ho khetholla likhoele tse fapaneng tsa masela, 'me hangata o sebelisoa ho khetholla lihlopha tsa likhoele. Likhoele tsa tlhaho ka 'ngoe li na le sebopeho se ikhethang se ka khetholloang ka nepo tlas'a microscope. Mohlala, likhoele tsa k'hothone li bataletse ka lehlakoreng le lelelele, ka ho sotha ha tlhaho, karolo e tšekaletseng ea letheka, le mokoti o bohareng. Boea bo kobehile ka bolelele, bo na le makgapetla holim'a metsi, 'me bo chitja kapa bo oval ka lehlakoreng le lelelele. Boea bo bong bo na le pith bohareng. Jute e na le mafito a bataletseng le mela e otlolohileng ka lehlakoreng le lelelele, karolo e tšekaletseng ke ea polygonal, 'me mokoti o bohareng o moholo.
2. Mokhoa oa ho chesa
E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho khetholla likhoele tsa tlhaho. Ka lebaka la phapang ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ea likhoele, litšobotsi tsa ho chesa le tsona lia fapana. Likhoele tsa cellulose le likhoele tsa protheine li ka khetholloa ho latela bonolo ba ho chesa likhoele, ebang ke thermoplastic, monko o hlahisoang nakong ea ho chesa, le litšobotsi tsa molora ka mor'a ho chesa.
Likhoele tsa cellulose tse kang k'hothone, hemp le viscose li chesa kapele ha li kopana le lelakabe, 'me li tsoela pele ho chesa kamora ho tsoa lelakabeng, ka monko oa pampiri e tukang, ho siea molora o moputsoa o bonolo o monyane kamora ho cha; likhoele tsa protheine tse kang ulu le silika li chesa butle ha li kopana le lelakabe, 'me li tloha lelakabeng Kamora moo, le ile la tsoela pele ho chesa butle, ka monko oa masiba a tukang, le siea molora o motšo o pshatlehang kamora ho cha.
| mofuta oa faeba | haufi le lelakabe | malakabe | tlohela lelakabe | monko o tukang | Foromo ea masala |
| Faeba ea Tencel | Ha ho na ho qhibiliha le ho fokotseha ha | chesa kapele | tsoela pele ho tuka | pampiri e chesitsoeng | molora o motšo o moputsoa |
Faeba ea modal | Ha ho na ho qhibiliha le ho fokotseha ha | chesa kapele | tsoela pele ho tuka | pampiri e chesitsoeng | molora o motšo o moputsoa |
| faeba ea lehlaka | Ha ho na ho qhibiliha le ho fokotseha ha | chesa kapele | tsoela pele ho tuka | pampiri e chesitsoeng | molora o motšo o moputsoa |
| Faeba ea viscose | Ha ho na ho qhibiliha le ho fokotseha ha | chesa kapele | tsoela pele ho tuka | pampiri e chesitsoeng | molora o monyane o sa soeufalang |
| faeba ea polyester | ho qhibiliha hanyane | Qhibilihisa pele ebe o chesa, ho na le metsi a rothang a tharollo | e ka lelefatsa ho chesa | monko o khethehileng | Bolo e thata e sootho e lefifi e kang khalase |
3.Mokhoa oa ho qhaqha
Likhoele li khetholloa ho latela ho qhibiliha ha likhoele tse fapaneng tsa masela ka har'a lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng. Hangata tharollo e le 'ngoe e ka qhala mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele, kahoo ha ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ho khetholla likhoele, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe liteko tse fapaneng tsa ho qhibiliha ha tharollo khafetsa ho netefatsa mofuta oa likhoele tse khethiloeng. Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha Ha ho khetholloa likarolo tse tsoakiloeng tsa lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng, tharollo e le 'ngoe e ka sebelisoa ho qhala likhoele tsa karolo e 'ngoe, ebe tharollo e 'ngoe e ka sebelisoa ho qhala likhoele tsa karolo e 'ngoe. Mokhoa ona o ka boela oa sebelisoa ho sekaseka sebopeho le litaba tsa likhoele tse fapaneng lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng. Ha mahloriso le mocheso oa tharollo li fapane, ho qhibiliha ha fiber hoa fapana.
Faeba e tla hlwauwa e ka kenngwa ka hara tube ya teko, ya kenngwa ka solvent e itseng, ya hlohlelletswa ka molamu wa khalase, mme ho qhibidiha ha faeba ho ka bonwa. Haeba bongata ba difaeba bo le bonyenyane haholo, sampole e ka boela ya bewa ka hara slide ya khalase e kobehileng e nang le bokahodimo bo kobehileng, ya rothelwa ka solvent, ya kwahelwa ka slide ya khalase, mme ya shejwa ka ho toba tlasa microscope. Ha o sebedisa mokgwa wa ho qhibidiha ho hlwaya difaeba, mahloriso a solvent le mocheso wa ho futhumatsa di lokela ho laolwa ka thata, mme tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshwa lebelong la ho qhibidiha ha difaeba. Tshebediso ya mokgwa wa ho qhibidiha e hloka kutlwisiso e nepahetseng ya dibopeho tse fapaneng tsa dikhemikhale tsa faeba, mme mekgwa ya tlhahlobo e rarahane.
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho khetholla likhoele tsa masela. Ha e le hantle, mokhoa o le mong o ke ke oa sebelisoa, empa ho hlokahala mekhoa e 'maloa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e felletseng le lipatlisiso. Mokhoa oa ho khetholla likhoele ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ke ho kopanya mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho khetholla ka saense.
Nako ea poso: Mphalane-06-2022