1.Whakarōpūtia e te hangarau tukatuka
Ko te muka whakahou he mea hanga mai i ngā muka tūturu (ngā miro miro, te rakau, te pūangi, te hemp, te bagasse, te wiwi, me ētahi atu) mā roto i tētahi tukanga matū me te miro hei hanga anō i ngā ngota cellulose, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā muka hanga-tangata. Nā te mea kāore anō kia rerekē te hanganga matū me te hanganga matū i te wā e tukatukahia ana, e hangaia ana, e mirohia ana hoki ngā rauemi tūturu, ka kiia hoki ko te muka whakahou.
Mai i ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga tukatuka me te ia o te whakahekenga o te tiaki taiao, ka taea te wehewehe ki te tiaki kore-taiao (tikanga whakarewa ā-kore o te miro/peni rakau) me te tukanga tiaki taiao (tikanga whakarewa tika o te miro/peni rakau). Ko te tukanga tiaki kore-taiao (pērā i te viscose Rayon tuku iho) ko te whakapūhui i te miro/peni rakau kua tukatukahia ki te kawakore ki te waro disulfide me te cellulose kawakore hei hanga i te otinga miro, ā, i te mutunga, mā te miro mākū hei whakaora. He mea hanga ki te cellulose coagulation.
Ko te hangarau tiaki taiao (pērā i te lyocell) e whakamahi ana i te wairewa wai N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) hei whakarewa hei whakarewa tika i te penupenu cellulose ki roto i te wairewa miro, kātahi ka tukatukahia mā te miro mākū, te miro maroke-mākū rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tikanga whakaputa muka viscose noa, ko te painga nui ko te taea e te NMMO te whakarewa tika i te penupenu cellulose, ka taea te whakangawari ake i te tukanga whakaputa miro, ka taea e te tere whakaora otinga te eke ki te neke atu i te 99%, ā, kāore te tukanga whakaputa e whakapoke i te taiao. He tukanga pai katoa ngā tukanga whakaputa o Tencel®, Richel®, Gracell®, Yingcell®, muka bamboo, me Macelle.
2. Te whakarōpūtanga mā ngā āhuatanga matua o te tinana
Ko ngā tohu matua pēnei i te modulus, te kaha, me te tioata (ina koa i raro i ngā āhuatanga makuku) he mea nui e pā ana ki te paheke o te papanga, te uruhanga makuku, me te ārai. Hei tauira, he tino pai te hygroscopicity o te viscose noa me te ngāwari ki te tae, engari he iti tōna modulus me te kaha, ina koa he iti te kaha makuku. Ka whakapai ake te muka modal i ngā ngoikoretanga kua whakahuatia ake nei o te muka viscose, ā, he nui hoki te kaha me te ārai i te āhua makuku, nō reira e kiia ana he muka viscose modulus makuku teitei. Ko te hanganga o te Modal me te taumata o te polymerization o te cellulose i roto i te ngota he teitei ake i te muka viscose noa, ā, he iti iho i te Lyocell. He maeneene te papanga, he kanapa, he kanapa te mata o te papanga, ā, he pai ake te ārai i te miro, te polyester, me te rayon o mua. He kanapa me te ahua rite ki te hiraka, ā, he papanga mercerized taiao.
3. Ngā Ture Ingoa Hokohoko mō ngā Muka Whakahoutia
Ko ngā hua cellulose hou matomato, ā-taiao hoki, i whakawhanakehia i tōku whenua, he nui te haumākū, e whai ana i ētahi ture mō ngā ingoa taonga. Hei whakahaere i te hokohoko o te ao, he maha ngā ingoa Hainamana (pinyin Hainamana rānei) me ngā ingoa Ingarihi. E rua ngā momo matua o ngā ingoa hua muka viscose matomato hou:
Ko tētahi ko Modal (Modal). He tūponotanga pea kei te rite te whakahua o te kupu "Mo" Ingarihi ki te kupu "rakau" Hainamana, nō reira ka whakamahia e ngā kaihokohoko tēnei hei pānuitanga "Modal" hei whakanui i te whakamahinga o te muka rakau tūturu hei rauemi mata, koia nei ko "Modal". Ko te nuinga o ngā whenua ke e whakamahi ana i te penupenu rakau kounga teitei, ā, ko te "Dyer" te whakamaoritanga o ngā reta i muri i te reo Ingarihi. I runga i tēnei, ko ngā muka katoa me te "Dyer" i roto i ngā hua o ngā kamupene hanga muka hangai o tō tātou whenua kei roto i tēnei momo hua, e kiia nei ko China Modal. : Pērā i a Newdal (Newdal strong viscose fiber), Sadal (Sadal), Bamboodale, Thincell, me ētahi atu.
Tuarua, he tika ake ngā kupu o Lyocell (Leocell) me Tencel® (Tencel). Ko te ingoa Hainamana o te muka Lyocell (lyocell) i rēhitatia ki tōku whenua e te kamupene Acordis o Peretānia ko "Tencel®". I te tau 1989, i tapaina te ingoa o te muka Lyocell (Lyocell) e BISFA (International Man-made Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Standards Bureau), ā, ko te muka cellulose i whakahoutia ko Lyocell. I ahu mai te kupu "Lyo" i te kupu Kariki "Lyein", ko tōna tikanga he whakarewa, "i tangohia te "pūtau" mai i te cellulose "Cellulose", ko ngā mea e rua ko "Lyocell", ā, ko te kupu Hainamana ko Lyocell. He māramatanga pai tō ngā tāngata whenua ke ki te ahurea Hainamana i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi ingoa hua. Ko Lyocell, ko tōna ingoa hua ko Tencel®, ko "Tencel®" rānei.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-30-2022