1. Yosankhidwa ndi ukadaulo wopangira zinthu
Ulusi wobwezeretsedwanso umapangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, matabwa, nsungwi, hemp, bagasse, bango, ndi zina zotero) kudzera mu njira inayake ya mankhwala ndi kupota kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a mamolekyu a cellulose, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ulusi wopangidwa ndi munthu. Chifukwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala sizisintha panthawi yokonza, kupanga ndi kupota zinthu zachilengedwe, imatchedwanso ulusi wobwezeretsedwanso.
Kuchokera ku zofunikira pa njira yokonza ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, njira yotetezera chilengedwe ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chitetezo chosakhudzana ndi chilengedwe (njira yosungunula ya thonje/matabwa) ndi njira yoteteza chilengedwe (njira yosungunula ya thonje/matabwa). Njira yoteteza chilengedwe (monga Rayon yachikhalidwe ya viscose) ndikugwiritsa ntchito sulfonate ya thonje/matabwa yokhala ndi alkali yokhala ndi carbon disulfide ndi alkali cellulose kuti ipange yankho lozungulira, kenako nkugwiritsa ntchito wet spinning kuti ibwezeretsedwe. Imapangidwa ndi cellulose coagulation.
Ukadaulo woteteza chilengedwe (monga lyocell) umagwiritsa ntchito yankho lamadzi la N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) ngati chosungunulira kuti usungunule mwachindunji pulp ya cellulose mu yankho lozungulira, kenako n’kuikonza pogwiritsa ntchito kupota konyowa kapena kupota kouma kopangidwa. Poyerekeza ndi njira yopangira ulusi wamba wa viscose, ubwino waukulu ndi wakuti NMMO imatha kusungunula mwachindunji pulp ya cellulose, njira yopangira dope yozungulira ikhoza kukhala yosavuta kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kuchira kwa yankho kumatha kufika pa 99%, ndipo njira yopangira siyiipitsa chilengedwe. Njira zopangira Tencel®, Richel®, Gracell®, Yingcell®, ulusi wa bamboo, ndi Macelle zonse ndi njira zosamalira chilengedwe.
2. Kugawa magulu malinga ndi makhalidwe akuluakulu akuthupi
Zizindikiro zazikulu monga modulus, mphamvu, ndi crystallinity (makamaka pamene pali chinyezi) ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kutsetsereka kwa nsalu, kulowa kwa chinyezi, ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, viscose wamba uli ndi hygroscopicity yabwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe osavuta opaka utoto, koma modulus ndi mphamvu zake ndizochepa, makamaka mphamvu yonyowa ndi yochepa. Ulusi wa modal umawongolera zofooka zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa za ulusi wa viscose, komanso uli ndi mphamvu ndi modulus yambiri pamene uli wonyowa, kotero nthawi zambiri umatchedwa ulusi wa high wet modulus viscose. Kapangidwe ka Modal ndi kuchuluka kwa polymerization ya cellulose mu molekyulu ndi kokwera kuposa ulusi wamba wa viscose ndipo ndi kotsika kuposa kwa Lyocell. Nsaluyo ndi yosalala, pamwamba pa nsaluyo ndi yowala komanso yowala, ndipo kufooka kwake kuli bwino kuposa kwa thonje, polyester, ndi rayon zomwe zilipo. Ili ndi kuwala komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi silika, ndipo ndi nsalu yachilengedwe ya mercerized.
3. Malamulo a Mayina Amalonda a Ulusi Wosinthidwa
Zinthu zobiriwira komanso zonyowa kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa m'dziko langa zimatsatira malamulo ena okhudza mayina a zinthu. Pofuna kuthandiza malonda apadziko lonse, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mayina achi China (kapena mayina a pinyin achi China) ndi mayina achi Chingerezi. Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a mayina atsopano a zinthu zobiriwira za viscose fiber:
Chimodzi ndi Modal (Modal). Mwina mwangozi kuti "Mo" ya Chingerezi ili ndi matchulidwe ofanana ndi "matabwa" aku China, kotero amalonda amagwiritsa ntchito izi kulengeza "Modal" kuti agogomeze kuti ulusiwo umagwiritsa ntchito matabwa achilengedwe ngati zinthu zopangira, zomwe kwenikweni ndi "Modal". Mayiko akunja amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri matabwa apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo "Dyer" ndi mawu omasulira zilembo zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa chilankhulo cha Chingerezi. Kutengera izi, ulusi uliwonse wokhala ndi "Dyer" muzinthu zopangidwa ndi makampani opanga ulusi wopangidwa mdziko lathu ndi wa mtundu uwu wa chinthu, chomwe chimatchedwa China Modal. : Monga Newdal (Newdal strong viscose fiber), Sadal (Sadal), Bamboodale, Thincell, ndi zina zotero.
Chachiwiri, mawu a Lyocell (Leocell) ndi Tencel® (Tencel) ndi olondola kwambiri. Dzina lachi China la ulusi wa Lyocell (lyocell) wolembetsedwa m'dziko langa ndi kampani ya British Acordis ndi "Tencel®". Mu 1989, dzina la ulusi wa Lyocell (Lyocell) linatchulidwa ndi BISFA (International Man-made Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Standards Bureau), ndipo ulusi wa cellulose wobwezeretsedwanso unatchedwa Lyocell. "Lyo" imachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "Lyein", lomwe limatanthauza kusungunula, "selo" limachokera ku cellulose "Cellulose", awiriwa pamodzi ndi "Lyocell", ndipo dzina lachi Chinese limatchedwa Lyocell. Alendo amamvetsetsa bwino chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina posankha dzina la chinthu. Lyocell, dzina la chinthu chake ndi Tencel® kapena "Tencel®".
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-30-2022