1. Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya
Fibre ivuguruye ikorwa mu migozi karemano (ibirahuri by'ipamba, ibiti, umugano, umuhempe, umusemburo, urubingo, nibindi) binyuze mu nzira runaka y'ubutabire no kuzunguruka kugira ngo ihindure imiterere ya molekile za selulose, izwi kandi nk'imigozi yakozwe n'umuntu. Kubera ko imiterere y'ubutabire n'imiterere ya shimi bidahinduka mu gihe cyo gutunganya, gukora no kuzunguruka ibikoresho karemano, byitwa kandi fibre ivuguruye.
Dukurikije ibisabwa mu gutunganya no kurengera ibidukikije, bishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije butari ubw’ibidukikije (uburyo bwo gushonga mu buryo butaziguye bw’ipamba/ibiti) n’uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije (uburyo bwo gushonga mu buryo butaziguye bw’ipamba/ibiti). Uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije butari ubw’ibidukikije (nk’uburyo bwa Rayon ya viscose isanzwe) ni ugusuka sulfonati mu ipamba/ibiti byatunganyijwe na alkali ukoresheje disulfide ya karuboni na cellulose ya alkali kugira ngo hakorwe umuti wo kuzunguruka, hanyuma hagakoreshwa uburyo bwo kuzunguruka butose kugira ngo buvugururwe. Bukozwe muri cellulose coagulation.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kurengera ibidukikije (nka lyocell) rikoresha umuti w’amazi wa N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) nk’umuti wo gushonga mu buryo butaziguye pulp ya cellulose mu muti wo kuzunguruka, hanyuma ukayitunganya ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuzunguruka butose cyangwa ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuzunguruka butose. Ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo gukora fibre isanzwe ya viscose, inyungu nini ni uko NMMO ishobora gushonga pulp ya cellulose mu buryo butaziguye, uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya viscose bushobora koroshywa cyane, igipimo cyo kugarura umuti gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 99%, kandi uburyo bwo gukora ntibuhumanya ibidukikije. Uburyo bwo gukora Tencel®, Richel®, Gracell®, Yingcell®, fibre ya bamboo, na Macelle bwose ni uburyo butangiza ibidukikije.
2. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'ingenzi y'umubiri
Ibipimo by'ingenzi nka modulus, imbaraga, na crystallinity (cyane cyane iyo hari ubushuhe) ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bushuhe bw'imyenda, ubushuhe bugera, n'uburyo irangi rigaragara. Urugero, viscose isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya neza kandi yoroshye kuyisiga irangi, ariko modulus yayo n'imbaraga zayo ni bike, cyane cyane imbaraga zayo ni nke. Fibre ya modal irushaho kunoza intege nke zavuzwe haruguru za fibre ya viscose, kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi na modulus iyo itose, bityo ikunze kwitwa fibre ya viscose ya modulus nyinshi. Imiterere ya Modal n'urwego rwa polymerization ya cellulose muri molekile biri hejuru y'ibya fibre ya viscose isanzwe kandi biri hasi y'ibya Lyocell. Imyenda ni nziza, ubuso bw'imyenda burabagirana kandi burabagirana, kandi ubushuhe buruta ubw'ipamba, polyester, na rayon zisanzwe. Ifite ubwiza n'amabara bisa n'ubudodo, kandi ni umwenda karemano wa mercerized.
3. Amategeko agenga amazina y'ubucuruzi ku migozi ivuguruye
Ibicuruzwa bya cellulose bivuguruye kandi bifite ubushuhe bwinshi kandi bitangiza ibidukikije byakorewe mu gihugu cyanjye bikurikiza amategeko amwe n'amwe yerekeye amazina y'ibicuruzwa. Kugira ngo byorohereze ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, akenshi bifite amazina y'Abashinwa (cyangwa Pinyin y'Abashinwa) n'ay'Icyongereza. Hari ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi by'amazina mashya y'ibicuruzwa bya fibre ya viscose y'icyatsi kibisi:
Imwe muri zo ni Modal (Modal). Bishobora kuba ari impanuka ko "Mo" y'Icyongereza ifite inyito imwe n'"igiti cy'Abashinwa", bityo abacuruzi bakoresha ibi mu kwamamaza "Modal" kugira ngo bashimangire ko fibre ikoresha ibiti karemano nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ari na byo mu by'ukuri "Modal". Ibihugu by'amahanga ahanini bikoresha impumuro nziza y'ibiti, kandi "Dyer" ni inyuguti ziri inyuma y'ururimi rw'Icyongereza. Dushingiye kuri ibi, fibre iyo ari yo yose ifite "Dyer" mu bicuruzwa by'ibigo bikora fibre zo mu gihugu cyacu iba iy'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, byitwa China Modal. : Nka Newdal (fibre ya viscose ikomeye ya Newdal), Sadal (Sadal), Bamboodale, Thincell, nibindi.
Icya kabiri, imvugo za Lyocell (Leocell) na Tencel® (Tencel) ni zo zikwiye kurushaho. Izina ry'igishinwa ry'umunyu wa Lyocell (lyocell) ryanditswe mu gihugu cyanjye n'ikigo cy'Abongereza cya Acordis ni "Tencel®". Mu 1989, izina rya umunyu wa Lyocell (Lyocell) ryitiriwe BISFA (Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubuziranenge bw’Umunyu n’Umunyu wa Synthetic Fiber), naho umunyu wa cellulose wavuguruwe witwa Lyocell. "Lyo" ikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigiriki "Lyein", risobanura gushonga, ""akaremangingo" kavanywe kuri cellulose "Cellulose", byombi hamwe ni "Lyocell", naho izina ry'igishinwa ryitwa Lyocell. Abanyamahanga bafite ubumenyi bwiza ku muco w'Abashinwa iyo bahisemo izina ry'umunyu. Lyocell, izina ry'umunyu wacyo ni Tencel® cyangwa "Tencel®".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2022