Imyenda n'imico gakondo by'imyenda y'ishuri ry'i Burayi n'iry'Abanyamerika

Iyo ntekereje ku myenda y'ishuri, guhitamo imyenda y'ishuri bigira uruhare runini cyane kuruta imikorere gusa. Ubwoko bwaimyenda y'ishuriguhitamo bigira ingaruka ku ihumure, kuramba, n'uburyo abanyeshuri bahuza n'amashuri yabo. Urugero,Igitambaro cy'imyenda y'ishuri ya TR, ikozwe mu ruvange rwa polyester na rayon, itanga uruvange rwiza rw'imbaraga n'ubuhumekero. Mu bice byinshi,umwenda munini w'ishuri ukozwe mu buryo bwa plaqueifite ishusho y'umuco, mu giheIgitambaro cy'ishuri cya polyester 100ikundwa cyane kubera ko yoroshye kuyibungabunga. Aya mahitamo, harimoumwenda w'ishuri ukozwe mu buryo bwa plaque, garagaza uburyo amashuri ashyira hamwe imikorere n'akamaro k'umuco mu miterere y'imyenda yabo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyenda y'ishuri igira ingaruka ku ihumure, imbaraga, n'uburyo iteye. Gutoranya ibikoresho byiza bituma ubuzima bw'ishuri burushaho kuba bwiza.
• Gukoreshaimyenda irinda ibidukikijeni ingenzi muri iki gihe. Amashuri ubu ahitamo ibikoresho nk'ipamba y'umwimerere n'imyenda yasubiwemo kugira ngo bifashe ibidukikije.
• Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryahinduye uburyo imyenda ikorwa. Ibintu nk'ubudodo buvanze n'imyenda myiza byongera imiterere mishya, bigatuma imyenda ijyanye n'ibyo abantu bakeneye muri iki gihe.

Ishingiro ry'amateka y'imyenda y'ishuri

Imyenda y'ishuri yo mu Burayi ya mbere n'ibikoresho byayo

Iyo nsubije amaso inyuma ku nkomoko y'imyenda y'ishuri, mbona isano ikomeye hagati y'amahitamo y'imyenda n'indangagaciro z'imibereho. Mu kinyejana cya 16, Ishuri ry'Ibitaro bya Kristo mu Bwongereza ryazanye imwe mu myenda ya kera cyane. Yari ifite ikoti rirerire ry'ubururu n'amasogisi y'umuhondo agera mu mavi, igishushanyo mbonera gikomeje kuba icyamamare muri iki gihe. Iyi myenda yakozwe mu bwoya burambye, imyenda yatoranijwe kubera ubushyuhe bwayo no kuramba kwayo. Ubwoya bwagaragazaga ibyo abanyeshuri bakeneye mu buryo bufatika, kuko akenshi abanyeshuri bahuraga n'ikirere kibi.

Umuco wo kwambara imyenda isanzwe y’amasomo watangiye mu 1222, ubwo abapasiteri bafataga imyenda yo mu rwego rw’uburezi. Iyi myambaro, ubusanzwe yakozwe mu mwenda w’umukara uremereye, yagaragazaga kwicisha bugufi no kwitonda. Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, amashuri yakoresheje ibikoresho bisa kugira ngo abanyeshuri bagire gahunda n’ubwitonzi. Guhitamo imyenda ntibyari ibijyanye n’imikorere gusa; byari bifite uburemere bw’ikigereranyo, bishimangira indangagaciro z’ibigo.

Uruhare rw'imyenda mu migenzo y'imyenda y'ishuri ry'Abanyamerika

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iterambere ry'imyenda y'ishuri rigaragaza inkuru yo kwihuza n'ibindi bikorwa no guhanga udushya. Amashuri yo mu kinyejana cya mbere muri Amerika yakundaga kwigana imigenzo y'i Burayi, akoresha ubwoya n'ipamba mu myenda yabo. Ibi bikoresho byari ingirakamaro kandi byoroshye kuboneka, bituma biba byiza ku rwego rw'uburezi rwari rukomeje kwiyongera. Ariko, uko inganda zagendaga zitera imbere, amahitamo y'imyenda yatangiye guhinduka.

Hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, ibikoresho by’ubukorikori nka polyester na rayon byakunzwe cyane. Iyi myenda yatanze ibyiza byinshi, birimo kuramba, kuhendutse, no koroshya kuyibungabunga. Urugero, polyester viscose yabaye amahitamo asanzwe bitewe n’uko yoroshye kandi idashobora kwihanganira. Ipamba y’umwimerere nayo yagaragaye nk’uburyo burambye, bigaragaza ko abantu benshi basobanukiwe ibibazo by’ibidukikije. Muri iki gihe, amashuri menshi ashyiramo insinga zisubirwamo mu myambaro yabo, bigabanyiriza ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije ariko bigakomeza kugira ubuziranenge.

Nabonye ko aya mahitamo y'imyenda adahura n'ibikenewe gusa ahubwo anajyana n'umuco n'ubukungu mu buryo bwagutse. Kubungabunga ibidukikije byabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi kibandaho, aho abakora imyenda bakurikiza amahame mbwirizamuco kugira ngo bakore imyenda ikora neza kandi itangiza ibidukikije.

Ibimenyetso n'imikorere mu guhitamo imyenda ya kera

Imyenda yakoreshwaga mu myenda y’ishuri ryo hambere yakundaga kugira ibisobanuro by’ikigereranyo. Urugero, amakanzu y’umukara yagaragazaga kwicisha bugufi no kumvira, bigaragaza indangagaciro z’umwuka z’amashuri y’abihaye Imana. Ku rundi ruhande, imyenda yera yagaragazaga ubuziranenge n’ubworoherane, ishimangira ubuzima buzira ibirangaza. Amashuri yanakoreshaga imvugo itukura mu kugaragaza kwitanga no kwihana, mu gihe ibintu bya zahabu byagaragazaga urumuri n’icyubahiro by’Imana. Ayo mahitamo ntiyari ashingiye ku bushake; yashimangiraga inyigisho z’amahame mbwirizamuco n’amahame mbwirizamuco y’ibigo.

1. Amakanzu y'umukarabyagereranyaga kwicisha bugufi no kumvira.
2. Imyambaro yerabyagaragazaga ubuziranenge n'ubworoherane.
3. Imiterere y'umutukubyasobanuraga kwitanga no kwihana.
4. Ibintu bya zahabubyagereranyaga umucyo n'icyubahiro by'Imana.
5. Amabara y'ubururubyakuruye uburinzi n'uburinzi.

Gukoresha neza ibintu nabyo byagize uruhare runini. Guhindura ibihe by'umwaka byatumye abanyeshuri bakomeza kwisanzura mu gihe cy'umwaka wose. Urugero, imyenda minini yakoreshejwe mu mezi y'itumba, mu gihe ibikoresho byoroheje byatoranywaga mu mpeshyi. Uku kuringaniza hagati y'ibimenyetso n'imikorere bigaragaza uburyo amashuri yatekerejeho mu gushushanya imyenda yabo.

Ishingiro ry’amateka y’imyenda y’ishuri igaragaza imikoranire ishimishije hagati y’umuco gakondo, imikorere, n’indangagaciro z’umuco. Kuva ku myenda y’ubwoya bw’Ibitaro bya Kristo kugeza ku bikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije byo muri iki gihe, aya mahitamo agaragaza iby’ingenzi mu gihe cyabo. Binyibutsa ko n’ikintu cyoroshye nk’imyenda gishobora kugira ibisobanuro bikomeye.

Iterambere ry'imyenda y'ishuri uko igihe cyagiye gihita

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya imyenda

Nabonye ko iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye uburyo imyenda y'ishuri ikorwa. Uburyo bwo hambere bwashingiye ku kuboha intoki n'imigozi karemano, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyije ubwoko n'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro. Impinduramatwara mu nganda yazanye imitako ikoresheje imashini, bituma habaho imyenda yihuta kandi ihoraho. Iyi mpinduka yatumye amashuri ashobora gushyiraho imyenda isanzwe byoroshye.

Mu kinyejana cya 20, udushya nko kuvura imiti n'uburyo bwo gusiga amarangi byongereye imbaraga mu myenda no kugumana amabara. Urugero, irangi ridashobora gucika iminkanyari ryamamaye, rigabanya gukenera gusigwa ipasi kenshi. Iri terambere ryatumye imyenda y'imyenda iba ingirakamaro mu kwambara buri munsi. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu za mudasobwa n'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bitanga uburyo bwo gushushanya imyenda neza, bigaha amashuri amahitamo menshi ajyanye n'ibyo akeneye.

Ingaruka z'Umuco n'Ubukungu ku Gukunda Ibintu

Ibikoresho byo gukunda imyenda y'ishuri akenshi bigaragaza imico n'ubukungu. Mu turere dufite ikirere gikonje cyane, ubwoya bwakomeje kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi bitewe n'imiterere yabwo yo kwirinda ubushyuhe. Ku rundi ruhande, uturere dushyuha twakundaga ipamba yoroshye kubera umwuka wayo woroshye guhumeka. Ibyerekeye ubukungu nabyo byabigizemo uruhare. Amashuri akize yashoboraga kugura imyenda myiza, mu gihe ingengo y'imari idahagije yatumye andi ahitamo ubundi buryo buhendutse.

Isi yose ifite andi mahitamo atandukanye y'imyenda. Ibikoresho byo mu mahanga nka silk na lin byakunzwe cyane mu bigo bimwe na bimwe byigenga, bigaragaza icyubahiro. Hagati aho, amashuri ya leta yashyigikiye uruvange rw'imyenda ihendutse. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo amahitamo y'imyenda ajyanye n'ibikenewe mu buzima ndetse n'indangagaciro z'umuryango.

Ivuka ry'imyenda ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike mu kinyejana cya 20

Ikinyejana cya 20 cyabaye ihinduka rikomeye bitewe n’izamuka ry’imyenda ikoze mu bukorikori. Nabonye uburyo ibikoresho nka nylon, polyester, na acrylic byahinduye imiterere y’imyenda y’ishuri. Nylon yari ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikora ibintu byinshi, bituma iba nziza ku banyeshuri bakora cyane.Polyester yabaye ikintu gikundwa cyanekubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza n'ikoreshwa ryayo, nko kwirinda ibara. Acrylic yazanye uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya imyenda, bituma amashuri ashobora kugerageza imiterere n'imiterere yayo.

Udushya twakemuye ibibazo bifatika nko kugurwa no kubungabunga, ndetse no guhaza ibyifuzo by'ubwiza.Imyenda y'ubukorikori ikomeje kwiganzaimyenda y'ishuri igezweho, ivanga imikorere n'uburyohe.

Ibipimo by'umuco n'imibereho by'umwenda w'ishuri

Ibikoresho nk'ibimenyetso by'umwirondoro n'urwego

Nabonye uburyo imyenda y'ishuri ikunze gukoreshwa nk'iy'umuntuikimenyetso cy'umwirondoro n'urwegoIbikoresho byatoranijwe bishobora kugaragaza indangagaciro z'ishuri cyangwa kugaragaza imiterere yaryo mu by'ubukungu. Urugero, amashuri yigenga akunze gukoresha imyenda myiza cyane nk'ubwoya cyangwa ubudodo, bigaragaza icyubahiro n'umwihariko. Ku rundi ruhande, amashuri ya leta akunze guhitamo ibikoresho bihendutse nka polyester, bigatuma abanyeshuri bose babona ibyo bakeneye.

Ubushakashatsi bushyigikira iki gitekerezo. Ubushakashatsi bumwe,Ihuriro: Nk'ibikoresho, Nk'ikimenyetso, Nk'ikintu cyaganiriweho, igaragaza uburyo kwambara imyenda ifasha umuntu kumva ko ari umwe mu bagize umuryango mu gihe bitandukanya abanyamuryango n'abo hanze. Ubundi bushakashatsi,Ingaruka z'Ubumwe mu Gushyiraho Ubumwe, Ubutabera, no Guhuza Ibihugu muri Kaminuza zo muri Tayilande, igaragaza uburyo amategeko agenga imyambarire ashimangira itumanaho ry’ibimenyetso n’urwego rw’ubuyobozi. Ibi byavumbuwe bishimangira uruhare rubiri rw’imyenda mu guhuza abanyeshuri no kubungabunga imiterere y’imibereho.

Gukoresha neza, kuramba, n'impinduka mu turere

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no kurambaNi ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo imyenda. Nabonye ko amashuri yo mu turere dukonje akunze guhitamo ubwoya bw'intama bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabwo bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe, mu gihe ayo mu turere dushyuha akunda ipamba yoroshye mu guhumeka. Imyenda ya sintetike nka polyester ni yo ikunze kwibanda mu bice aho kuhendutse no kudafata neza ari byo by'ingenzi. Iyi miterere y'uturere igaragaza uburyo amashuri ahindura amahitamo yabo akurikije ibyo bakeneye mu gace runaka.

Kuramba ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi. Imyenda y'ishuri iramba yambarwa buri munsi kandi imeswa kenshi, bityo imyenda igomba kwihanganira ibi bibazo. Urugero, imvange ya polyester irinda iminkanyari n'ibizinga, bigatuma iba nziza ku banyeshuri bakora. Ubu buryo bwo kuringaniza imikorere n'ibipimo by'akarere butuma imyenda yujuje ibisabwa haba ku mikorere no ku muco.

Uruhare rw'umuco mu guhitamo imyenda

Umuco ugira uruhare runini mu guhitamo imyenda y’ishuri. Uburyo bwo guha abanyeshuri imyenda y’ishuri bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu i Londres, aho amashuri ya leta yayikoreshaga mu guteza imbere ituze n’umuco w’abaturage. Iyi myenda yo hambere, akenshi yakorwaga mu bwoya bw’intama, yagaragaje indangagaciro z’ikinyabupfura n’ishema.

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, uyu muco warahindutse. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, amashuri yatangiye gushyiraho imyenda isanzwe kugira ngo ashimangire gukurikiza amategeko n'ikinyabupfura. Ndetse na n'ubu, ibigo byinshi byubaha iyi nkomoko y'amateka binyuze mu guhitamo imyenda ijyanye n'umurage wabo. Uku gukomeza gushimangira akamaro gahoraho k'umuco mu kubumba imyenda y'ishuri.

Udushya dugezweho mu myenda y'ishuri

Impinduka mu Kujya ku Bikoresho Birambye kandi Bitangiza Ibidukikije

Kuramba byahindutse inkingi y'ingenzi mu miterere y'imyenda y'ishuri igezweho. Nabonye ko hari ukwiyongera gukenewe kw'ibikoresho birengera ibidukikije bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije ariko bigakomeza kugira ubuziranenge. Ipamba ry'umwimerere, polyester isubijwemo, n'imigozi y'ibiti ubu ni amahitamo asanzwe. Ibi bikoresho ntibigabanya gusa imyanda ahubwo binateza imbere imigenzo myiza mu gukora. Urugero, polyester isubijwemo ikoresha amacupa ya pulasitiki mu myenda iramba, itanga igisubizo gifatika ku myanda ya pulasitiki.

Amashuri arimo gukoresha uburyo bushya bwo gusiga amarangi bukoresha amazi make n'imiti mike. Iyi mpinduka igaragaza ubwitange bwagutse mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Nabonye ko ababyeyi n'abanyeshuri barushaho guha agaciro ibi bikorwa, kuko bihuye n'intego z'isi yose zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Mu gushyira imbere amahitamo arengera ibidukikije, amashuri agaragaza ubwitange bwayo mu burezi no mu nshingano zayo zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Igishushanyo mbonera n'ihumure bishingiye ku Munyeshuri

Ihumure rigira uruhare runini mu myenda y’ishuri igezweho. Nabonye uburyo amashuri ubu ashyira imbere imyenda ijyanye n’ibyo abanyeshuri bakeneye, bigatuma bumva bamerewe neza umunsi wose. Ibikoresho bihumeka nk’ipamba n’imyenda ikuraho ubushuhe byakunzwe cyane, cyane cyane mu bihe bishyushye. Aya mahitamo afasha abanyeshuri kuguma bakonje kandi bibanda ku ntego, bikongera ubunararibonye bwabo muri rusange.

Ubushakashatsi bushyigikira ubu buryo. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko nubwo abanyeshuri benshi badakunda imyenda y'abanyeshuri, bemera ibyiza nko kunoza uburyo abanyeshuri bafatwa. Byongeye kandi, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko imyenda y'abanyeshuri ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku kwitabira no kugumana abarimu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragaza akamaro ko gushushanya imyenda y'abanyeshuri ihuza uburyo bwo kwisanzura n'imikorere. Amashuri yumva ibitekerezo by'abanyeshuri kandi akabishyira mu miterere yabo bituma habaho ibidukikije binogeye kandi bishyigikirana.

• Ibintu by'ingenzi byavuye mu bushakashatsi birimo:
  • Imyenda y'ishuri yongera umubare w'abitabira amashuri yisumbuye.
  • Ubwinshi bw'abarimu mu mashuri abanza buriyongera bitewe na politiki imwe.
  • Abanyeshuri bavuga ko bagenzi babo, cyane cyane ab'igitsina gore, bafashwe neza nubwo badakunda imyenda y'ishuri.

Mu kwibanda ku gishushanyo mbonera gishingiye ku banyeshuri, amashuri akora imyenda ijyanye n'ibyo bakeneye mu buzima busanzwe, idahura n'ibyo abanyeshuri bakeneye gusa, ahubwo inanoza imiterere rusange yo kwigiramo.

Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'imyenda ku bikenewe muri iki gihe

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye imyenda y'ishuri, rikemura ibibazo bigezweho hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bishya. Urugero, imyenda y'imvange ihuza uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, ubushyuhe, n'uburyohe, bigatuma imyenda y'ikoranabuhanga igenda neza. Iyi myenda ihuza ibice by'ikoranabuhanga mu buryo butaziguye, itanga ibintu nk'ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa. Ndumva bishimishije kubona isoko ry'imyenda y'imvange riteganijwe kurenga miliyari 1.4 z'amadolari mu 2030, bigaragaza akamaro kayo gakomeje kwiyongera.

Ubuhanga bwo gukora nabwo bwarahindutse. Sisitemu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ubu zikora imyenda neza cyane, zigatanga ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge. Udushya nko kurangiza imyenda idapfa iminkanyari n'amabara agabanya ibara bituma imyenda irushaho kuba ingirakamaro mu kwambara buri munsi. Iyi ntambwe ijyanye n'ibyo abanyeshuri n'ababyeyi ba none bakeneye, baha agaciro imikorere n'uburyo iteye.

Guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'imyenda y'ishuri bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye iteye. Bituma imyenda ikomeza kuba ingenzi mu isi ihora ihinduka, ivanga umuco n'udushya.

Iyo ntekereje ku rugendo rw'imyenda y'ishuri, mbona uburyo amateka n'umuco byagize uruhare mu iterambere ryabyo. Kuva ku makoti y'ubwoya agereranya ikinyabupfura kugeza ku bikoresho bigezweho bitangiza ibidukikije, buri guhitamo kubivugaho inkuru. Amashuri yo muri iki gihe ahuza umuco n'udushya, yitabira ibidukikije adatakaje umwirondoro wayo.

Umurage w'imyenda y'ishuri unyibutsa ko n'ibikoresho byoroshye bishobora kugira ibisobanuro bikomeye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe myenda ikoreshwa cyane mu myenda y'ishuri muri iki gihe?

Nabonye ko uruvange rwa polyester, ipamba, n'imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ari byo byiganjemo imyenda y'ishuri igezweho. Ibi bikoresho bihuza kuramba, ihumure, no kuramba, bihaza ibyifuzo bifatika ndetse n'ibidukikije.

Kuki kubungabunga ibidukikije ari ingenzi mu mwenda w'ishuri urimo imyenda?

Kubungabunga ibidukikije bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Amashuri ubu ahitamoibikoresho birengera ibidukikije nk'ipamba y'umwimererena polyester ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoresha kugira ngo hatezwe imbere imyitwarire myiza no guhuza n'intego z'ibidukikije ku isi.

Ni gute amashuri akora ku buryo imyenda y'abanyeshuri irushaho kuba myiza?

Amashuri ashyira imbere imyenda ihumeka nk'ipamba n'ibikoresho bikuraho ubushuhe. Aya mahitamo afasha abanyeshuri kuguma bamerewe neza kandi bibanda ku byo bakora umunsi wose, cyane cyane mu bihe bitandukanye by'ikirere.

Inama: Buri gihe reba ku birango by'imyenda igihe uguze imyenda kugira ngo umenye neza ko ihuye n'ibyo ukeneye kandi biramba.