1. Yakarongwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa
Fiber inogadziriswazve inogadzirwa neshinda dzechisikigo (donje, huni, bamboo, hemp, masagasse, reed, nezvimwewo) kuburikidza nemaitiro emakemikari uye kutenderera kuti pavezve mamorekuru e cellulose, anozivikanwawo seshinda dzakagadzirwa nevanhu. Nekuti kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye chimiro chemakemikari hazvichinji panguva yekugadzirisa, kugadzira uye kutenderera kwezvinhu zvechisikigo, inonziwo fiber inogadziriswazve.
Kubva pane zvinodiwa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa uye maitiro ekudzivirira nharaunda ekudzokera shure, inogona kukamurwa kuita dziviriro isiri yezvakatipoteredza (nzira yedonje/huni yepulp indirect dissolving) uye nzira yekudzivirira nharaunda (nzira yedonje/huni yepulp direct dissolving). Maitiro ekudzivirira asiri ezvakatipoteredza (senge viscose Rayon yechinyakare) ndeyekushandisa sulfonate donje/huni yealkali-treated necarbon disulfide nealkali cellulose kugadzira spinning stock solution, uye pakupedzisira kushandisa wet spinning kuti idzorezve. Yakagadzirwa ne cellulose coagulation.
Tekinoroji yekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza (yakadai se lyocell) inoshandisa mhinduro yemvura yeN-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) semushonga wekunyungudutsa zvakananga cellulose pulp mu solution yekuspin, wozoigadzirisa nekuspinha zvakanyorova kana kuspinha kwakaoma kwakagadzirwa. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira yekugadzira viscose fiber yakajairika, mukana mukuru ndewekuti NMMO inogona kunyungudutsa zvakananga cellulose pulp, maitiro ekugadzira spinning dope anogona kurerutswa zvakanyanya, mwero wekudzoreredza mhinduro unogona kusvika kupfuura 99%, uye maitiro ekugadzira haasvibisi nharaunda zvakanyanya. Maitiro ekugadzira eTencel®, Richel®, Gracell®, Yingcell®, bamboo fiber, naMacelle ese maitiro ane hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
2. Kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nehunhu hukuru hwemuviri
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvakaita se modulus, simba, uye crystallinity (kunyanya mumamiriro emvura) zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kutsvedza kwejira, kupenya kwemvura, uye drape. Semuenzaniso, viscose yakajairika ine hygroscopicity yakanaka uye hunhu hwekudhaya huri nyore, asi modulus yayo nesimba rayo zvakaderera, kunyanya simba rayo rakaderera. Modal fiber inovandudza zvikanganiso zvataurwa pamusoro pe viscose fiber, uye ine simba rakawanda uye modulus mumamiriro emvura, saka inowanzonzi high wet modulus viscose fiber. Maumbirwo eModal uye mwero wepolymerization ye cellulose mumorekuru zvakakwirira kupfuura zve viscose fiber yakajairika uye zvakaderera pane zveLyocell. Jira rakatsetseka, pamusoro pejira rakajeka uye rinopenya, uye kudonha kuri nani pane kwedonje, polyester, uye rayon iripo. Ine kupenya uye kunzwa kwakafanana nesirika, uye jira rechisikigo remercerized.
3. Mitemo yeMazita Ekutengeserana eFibers Dzakagadziriswazve
Zvigadzirwa zve cellulose zvakagadzirwazve zvine hunyoro hwakanyanya uye zvine hunyoro hwakanyanya zvinogadzirwa munyika yangu zvinotevedzera mitemo yakati wandei maererano nemazita ezvigadzirwa. Kuti zvive nyore kutengeserana kwenyika dzese, zvinowanzova nemazita echiChinese (kana kuti pinyin yechiChinese) nemazita echiRungu. Kune mapoka maviri makuru emazita matsva ezvigadzirwa zve viscose fiber zvegirini:
Imwe yacho iModal (Modal). Zvingangoitikawo kuti "Mo" yeChirungu ine mataurirwo akafanana ne "wood" yechiChinese, saka vatengesi vanoshandisa izvi kushambadzira "Modal" kusimbisa kuti fiber iyi inoshandisa huni dzechisikigo sezvinhu zvakabikwa, izvo chaizvoizvo zvinoreva "Modal". Nyika dzekunze dzinonyanya kushandisa pulp yehuni yemhando yepamusoro, uye "Dyer" ndiko kunyorwa kwemabhii ari kumashure kwemutauro weChirungu. Zvichibva pane izvi, chero fiber ine "Dyer" muzvigadzirwa zvemakambani ekugadzira fiber ekugadzira munyika yedu ndeyemhando iyi yechigadzirwa, chinonzi China Modal. : Zvakadai seNewdal (Newdal strong viscose fiber), Sadal (Sadal), Bamboodale, Thincell, nezvimwewo.
Chechipiri, matauriro eLyocell (Leocell) neTencel® (Tencel) akanyatsojeka. Zita rechiChinese reLyocell (lyocell) fiber rakanyoreswa munyika yangu nekambani yeBritish Acordis ndi "Tencel®". Muna 1989, zita reLyocell (Lyocell) fiber rakatumidzwa zita neBISFA (International Man-made Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Standards Bureau), uye cellulose fiber yakadzorerwa zita rayo rakatumidzwa zita rekuti Lyocell. "Lyo" inobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "Lyein", zvinoreva kunyungudutsa, "cell" inotorwa kubva ku cellulose "Cellulose", mbiri idzi pamwe chete ndi "Lyocell", uye homonym yechiChinese inonzi Lyocell. Vatorwa vane kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwetsika dzechiChinese pavanosarudza zita rechigadzirwa. Lyocell, zita rechigadzirwa chayo ndiTencel® kana kuti "Tencel®".
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-30-2022