1. Kuhlukaniswe ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula
I-fibre evuselelwe yenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (i-cotton linters, izinkuni, uqalo, i-hemp, i-bagasse, umhlanga, njll.) ngenqubo ethile yamakhemikhali kanye nokuphotha ukuze kuphinde kubumbe ama-molecule e-cellulose, aziwa nangokuthi imicu eyenziwe ngumuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo samakhemikhali kuhlala kungashintshi ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuphotha izinto zemvelo, ibizwa nangokuthi i-fibre evuselelwe.
Kusukela ezidingweni zenqubo yokucubungula kanye nokwehla kokwehla kokwehla kokuguquguquka komkhuba wokuvikela imvelo, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukuvikelwa okungeyona imvelo (indlela yokuhlakazwa kwe-cotton/wood pulp indirect) kanye nenqubo yokuvikela imvelo (indlela yokuhlakazwa kwe-cotton/wood pulp direct). Inqubo yokuvikela okungeyona imvelo (njenge-viscose Rayon yendabuko) ukufaka i-sulfonate i-pulp ye-cotton/wood ephathwe nge-alkali nge-carbon disulfide kanye ne-alkali cellulose ukwenza isisombululo se-spinning stock, bese ekugcineni kusetshenziswa ukuphotha okumanzi ukuze kuphinde kukhiqizwe. Yenziwe nge-cellulose coagulation.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo (njenge-lyocell) busebenzisa isixazululo samanzi se-N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) njengesinyibilikisi sokuncibilikisa ngqo i-pulp ye-cellulose esixazululweni sokuphotha, bese siyicubungula ngokuphotha okumanzi noma ngokuphotha okumanzi okwenziwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokukhiqiza yefayibha evamile ye-viscose, inzuzo enkulu ukuthi i-NMMO ingancibilikisa ngqo i-pulp ye-cellulose, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-dope yokuphotha ingenziwa lula kakhulu, izinga lokubuyisa isixazululo lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-99%, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ayingcolisi neze imvelo. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-Tencel®, i-Richel®, i-Gracell®, i-Yingcell®, i-fiber ye-bamboo, ne-Macelle zonke ziyizinqubo ezinobungani nemvelo.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezici eziyinhloko zomzimba
Izinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana ne-modulus, amandla, kanye ne-crystallinity (ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezimanzi) ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukushelela kwendwangu, ukungena komswakama, kanye nokwakheka kwendwangu. Isibonelo, i-viscose evamile ine-hygroscopicity enhle kakhulu kanye nesici sokudaya okulula, kodwa i-modulus yayo namandla ayo aphansi, ikakhulukazi amandla ayo aphansi. I-modal fiber ithuthukisa ukushiyeka okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kwe-viscose fiber, futhi inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus esimweni esimanzi, ngakho-ke ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-modulus viscose fiber emanzi ephezulu. Isakhiwo se-Modal kanye nezinga le-polymerization ye-cellulose ku-molecule liphakeme kunele-viscose fiber evamile futhi liphansi kunele-Lyocell. Indwangu ibushelelezi, ubuso bendwangu buyakhanya futhi buyacwebezela, futhi ukugoba kungcono kunokotini okhona, i-polyester, kanye ne-rayon. Inokukhanya nokuzwakala okufana nesilika, futhi iyindwangu yemvelo ye-mercerized.
3. Imithetho Yamagama Okuhweba Ngezintambo Ezivuselelwe
Imikhiqizo ye-cellulose evuselelwe kabusha ye-modulus enomswakama ophezulu eluhlaza futhi enobungani nemvelo eyenziwe ezweni lakithi ilandela imithetho ethile maqondana namagama ezimpahla. Ukuze kube lula ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, imvamisa inamagama esiShayina (noma ama-pinyin esiShayina) kanye namagama esiNgisi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamagama emikhiqizo ye-viscose fiber eluhlaza:
Esinye yiModal (Modal). Kungaba yinto eyenzeka ngengozi ukuthi igama elithi "Mo" lesiNgisi linokuphinyiselwa okufanayo nelithi "wood" lesiShayina, ngakho abathengisi basebenzisa lokhu ukukhangisa elithi "Modal" ukugcizelela ukuthi ifayibha isebenzisa ukhuni lwemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, empeleni okuyi-"Modal". Amazwe angaphandle asebenzisa kakhulu i-pulp yokhuni esezingeni eliphezulu, kanti elithi "Dyer" liwukuguqulwa kwezinhlamvu ngemuva kolimi lwesiNgisi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, noma iyiphi ifayibha ene-"Dyer" emikhiqizweni yezinkampani zokukhiqiza ifayibha yokwenziwa ezweni lethu ingeyalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-China Modal. : Njenge-Newdal (Newdal strong viscose fiber), i-Sadal (Sadal), i-Bamboodale, i-Thincell, njll.
Okwesibili, ukuvezwa kwe-Lyocell (Leocell) kanye ne-Tencel® (Tencel) kunembile kakhulu. Igama lesiShayina le-Lyocell (lyocell) fiber elibhaliswe ezweni lami yinkampani yaseBrithani i-Acordis lithi "Tencel®". Ngo-1989, igama le-Lyocell (Lyocell) fiber laqanjwa yi-BISFA (International Man-made Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Standards Bureau), kanti i-cellulose fiber evuselelwe yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Lyocell. Igama elithi "Lyo" livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "Lyein", elisho ukuncibilikisa, ""iseli" lithathwe ku-cellulose "Cellulose", zombili zihlangene ziyi-"Lyocell", kanti igama lesiShayina libizwa ngokuthi i-Lyocell. Abantu bakwamanye amazwe baqonda kahle isiko lamaShayina lapho bekhetha igama lomkhiqizo. I-Lyocell, igama lomkhiqizo wayo yi-Tencel® noma "Tencel®".
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 30-2022