When we get a fabric or buy a piece of clothing, in addition to the color, we also feel the texture of the fabric with our hands and understand the basic parameters of the fabric: width, weight, density, raw material specifications, etc. Without these basic parameters, there is no way to communicate. The structure of woven fabrics is mainly related to warp and weft yarn fineness, fabric warp and weft density, and fabric weave. The main specification parameters include piece length, width, thickness, weight, etc.
Width:
Width refers to the lateral width of the fabric, usually in cm, sometimes expressed in inches in international trade. The width of woven fabrics is affected by factors such as loom width, shrinkage degree, end use, and setting tentering during fabric processing. The width measurement can be carried out directly with a steel ruler.
Piece length:
Piece length refers to the length of a piece of fabric, and the common unit is m or yard. The piece length is mainly determined according to the type and use of the fabric, and factors such as the unit weight, thickness, package capacity, handling, finishing after printing and dyeing, and layout and cutting of the fabric must also be considered. The piece length is usually measured on a cloth inspection machine. Generally speaking, the piece length of cotton fabric is 30~60m, that of fine wool-like fabric is 50~70m, that of woolen fabric is 30~40m, that of plush and camel hair is 25~35m, and that of silk fabric The horse length is 20~50m.
Thickness:
Under a certain pressure, the distance between the front and back of the fabric is called the thickness, and the common unit is mm. Fabric thickness is usually measured with a fabric thickness gauge. The thickness of the fabric is mainly determined by factors such as the fineness of the yarn, the weave of the fabric and the buckling degree of the yarn in the fabric. The thickness of the fabric is rarely used in actual production, and it is usually expressed indirectly by the weight of the fabric.
weight/gram weight:
Fabric weight is also called gram weight, that is, the weight per unit area of the fabric, and the commonly used unit is g/㎡ or ounce/square yard (oz/yard2). Fabric weight is related to factors such as yarn fineness, fabric thickness and fabric density, which has an important impact on fabric performance and is also the main basis for fabric price. Fabric weight is increasingly becoming an important specification and quality indicator in commercial transactions and quality control. Generally speaking, fabrics below 195g/㎡ are light and thin fabrics, suitable for summer clothing; fabrics with a thickness of 195~315g/㎡ are suitable for spring and autumn clothing; fabrics above 315g/㎡ are heavy fabrics, suitable for winter clothing.
Warp and weft density:
The density of the fabric refers to the number of warp yarns or weft yarns arranged per unit length, referred to as warp density and weft density, generally expressed in root/10cm or root/inch. For example, 200/10cm*180/10cm means that the warp density is 200/10cm, and the weft density is 180/10cm. In addition, silk fabrics are often represented by the sum of the number of warp and weft threads per square inch, usually represented by T, such as 210T nylon. Within a certain range, the fabric strength increases with the increase of density, but the strength decreases when the density is too high. The fabric density is proportional to the weight. The lower the fabric density, the softer the fabric, the lower the elasticity of the fabric, and the greater the drapability and warmth retention.
Post time: Jul-28-2023