Ilaphu lempahla yokusebenza elukiweyo lanamhlanje lifikelela kwisiphelo salo esingangeni manzi ngokusebenzisa unyango olukhethekileyo lweekhemikhali. Ezi zinto zitshintsha uxinzelelo lomphezulu, zibangele ukuba amanzi abhide aze aqengqeleke. Oku kudala i-ilaphu elingangeni manzi, kubalulekile kwizinto ezifanaIlaphu le-polyester spandex lokukhuhla ngezonyango, Ilaphu le-TSP lokunxitywa kwezonyangokunyeIlaphu leyunifomu yesibhedlele i-TSP, rhoqo njengeIlaphu lokunyamekela okulula le-TSPLe marike ibizizigidi ezingama-2572.84 zeerandi ngo-2023.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Iingubo ezikhethekileyo zenzaamalaphu empahla yokusebenzagxotha amanzi. Ezi ngubo zitshintsha umphezulu welaphu. Emva koko amanzi ayaphakama aze aqengqeleke, akugcine womile.
- Iikhemikhali ezindala ezithintela amanzi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-PFCs, zonakalisa okusingqongileyo nempilo. Iindlela ezintsha nezikhuselekileyo ngoku zikhusela amalaphu ngaphandle kwezi ngozi.
- Ungayenza iimpahla zakho ezingangeni manzi zihlale ixesha elideZicoce kakuhle kwaye usebenzise ubushushu ukuhlaziya i-coating. Oku kunceda ilaphu ukuba ligcine amanzi engangeni.
Isayensi Yokungangeni Manzi Kwimpahla Yokusebenza
Ukuqonda i-DWR (i-Durable Water Repellent)
Xa ndijongaiimpahla zokusebenza zanamhlanje, Ndibona izinto ezintsha ezininzi, ingakumbi kwindlela amalaphu aphatha ngayo amanzi. Imfihlo idla ngokuba yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiDurable Water Repellent, okanye i-DWR. I-DWR yimveliso ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ngabavelisi bokugquma kwilaphu. Olu gquma lwenza ukuba ilaphu lingangeni manzi, okanye lingabi namanzi. Ngokwembali, uninzi lwezonyango ze-DWR lwalusebenzisa ii-fluoropolymers. Ezi gquma zihlala zincinci kakhulu. Abavelisi bazisebenzisa ngokutshiza okanye ngokuntywilisela ilaphu kwisisombululo seekhemikhali. Bangasebenzisa ne-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). I-CVD ilungile kuba isebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezimbalwa eziyingozi kunye nezinto ze-DWR ezincinci. Ikwadala umaleko omncinci kakhulu ongangeni manzi ongatshintshi indlela elibukeka okanye elivakala ngayo ilaphu.
I-DWR isebenza ngokunciphisa amandla angenamphezulu wento. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla omphezulu welaphu aba phantsi kunoxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi. Xa amanzi efika kwilaphu, enza amabala aze aqengqeleke. Oku kuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni, nto leyo ekugcina ukhululekile kwaye womile. Ukungangeni kwamanzi kwilaphu kuxhomekeke ekubeni ulwelo lunamathela kangakanani kumphezulu oqinileyo. Ukungangeni kangako kuthetha ukungangeni ngakumbi. Amandla elaphu okumelana namanzi axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: indlela eyenziwe ngayo iikhemikhali kumphezulu walo, ukuba lirhabaxa kangakanani, ukuba linemingxuma kangakanani, kunye nezinye iimolekyuli ezikuwo. Amalaphu alukiweyo ngokuqinileyo nawo ayanceda. Ukongeza ii-microparticles ezintle kunokunciphisa imijelo yemingxuma, nto leyo ethintela ulwelo ngakumbi.
Ukuthintela amanzi kukutshintsha uxinzelelo lomphezulu. Iimolekyuli zamanzi zikhetha ukunamathelana endaweni yelaphu elicociweyo. Sifezekisa oku ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo. Ezi khemikhali zenza umaleko ongangeni manzi kwilaphu. Olu maleko luthintela amathontsi amanzi ukuba angangeni. Endaweni yoko, amathontsi ayaphakama aze aqengqeleke. Ezi arhente zokugqiba zisebenza ngeendlela ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, iikhemikhali ezifana nee-fluorocarbons okanye ii-silicones zinciphisa amandla omphezulu weefayibha. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi asasazeke. Okwesibini, iiarhente eziphambili zenza iindawo ezirhabaxa, ezithambileyo kwinqanaba elincinci. Oku kunciphisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamathontsi amanzi nelaphu, okwenza ithontsi lamanzi liphakame ngakumbi.
Isiphumo sokungangenisi amanzi sisebenzisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu. Iingubo ezingangenisi manzi kunye neentambo ezilukiweyo ngokuqinileyo azinazo ii-polar. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimolekyuli zamanzi azinakwenza iibhondi nazo. Ngoko ke, amathontsi amanzi ahlala phezu komphezulu, ebanjwe ngamandla awo. Xa ithontsi lisiba nzima kakhulu, amandla adonsela phantsi ayalikhupha. Ezi ngubo zeekhemikhali ezingangenisi amanzi ziqhubeka ngonyango lokutshiza okanye lokudipha. Amalaphu antywila kwizisombululo ngeekhemikhali ezigxotha amanzi, aze ome. Njengoko oma, la makhemikhali, njenge-silicone, i-wax, okanye ii-fluorocarbon ezithile, anamathela kwiintambo nganye. Oku kutshintsha uxinzelelo lomphezulu weentambo. Kwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezimanzi zingene okanye zinamathele kwilaphu.
Ikhemistri ye-Hydrophobicity: ii-PFC kunye nezinye iindlela
Kangangexesha elide, iikhemikhali ezazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-DWR yayizizinto ze-per- kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl, okanye ii-PFC. Ngokukodwa, ii-long-chain C8 fluorocarbons zazizizo ezisemgangathweni. Ezi khemikhali zazisebenza kakuhle ekugxotheni amanzi kunye neoyile. Zazikwanazo nokuzinza okuphezulu kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, sifunde ngeengxaki zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ezinxulumene nezi zinto. Emva kokuba ii-C8 fluorocarbons zivaliwe, unyango lwe-short-chain C6 lwaba sisisombululo sexeshana.
Ngoku siyazi ukuba ii-fluorotelomer, eziyinxalenye yee-PFC, ziyaqhekeka zibe zii-PFC acids eziyingozi. Oku kongeza kungcoliseko lwe-PFC. Izifundo kwi-trout zibonisa ukuba oku kuqhekeka kunokwenzeka ngokugaya ukutya. Oku kuphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nongcoliseko lokutya kunye nokufunxwa ngokuthe ngqo ebantwini. Ishishini le-fluorocarbon lakha lathi ukuqhekeka kancinci emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwe-EPA lubonise isantya esikhawulezayo kakhulu. Bagqibe kwelokuba ukuqhekeka kwe-fluorotelomer-polymer ngumthombo omkhulu we-PFOA kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezi-fluorinated kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ii-fluorotelomer ezisekelwe kwi-C6 nazo ziyaqhekeka zibe zii-PFC acids, njenge-PFHxA. Nangona i-PFHxA isenokuba yingozi kangako kune-PFOA, isengumba oxhalabisayo. Ezinye ii-fluorotelomer acids ezivela kolu kuqhekeka zibonise ubuthi kwizidalwa zasemanzini.
Ii-PFC ziyingxaki kuba ezininzi ziyawohloka kancinci. Zinokwakheka ebantwini, kwizilwanyana, nakwindalo esingqongileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwii-PFC ezithile kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezimbi zempilo. Umzekelo, ukuvezwa kwi-PFC kunokulibazisa ukufikisa kwamantombazana. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingozi eziphezulu zomhlaza wamabele, isifo sezintso, kunye nesifo se-thyroid kamva ebomini. Kukwanxulunyaniswe noxinano oluphantsi lwamaminerali emathanjeni kubantu abaselula, olunokubangela i-osteoporosis. Izifundo zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwi-PFC kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-2 kubasetyhini. Ezinye ii-PFC zinokwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-thyroid. Izifundo ezinkulu ebantwini nakwizilwanyana zibonisa umonakalo wesibindi ngenxa yokuvezwa kwi-PFC. Ii-PFC ziyaqokelelana kwizicubu zomzimba ezifana nesibindi, mhlawumbi zinegalelo kwisifo sesibindi esinamafutha esingengotywala.
Ngenxa yezi nkxalabo, ndibona ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu kwezinye iindlela ezingenayo i-PFC. Iinkampani ezininzi ngoku zibonelela ngeendlela ezintle. Umzekelo, iRockgeist inikezela ngamalaphu angenayo i-PFC afana nothotho lweCotton Duck lweXPac kunye neminikelo ye-EcoPak. I-Shell-Tech Free M325-SC1 kunye ne-Shell-Tech Free 6053 zizinto ezigqityiweyo ezisekelwe emanzini ezisebenzisa ii-polymers ezisebenza nge-hydrophobic. Zibonelela ngokuchasana namanzi okuphezulu kwaye zihlala ixesha elide zihlanjwa. I-Altopel F3® lolunye ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwemicu yekotoni kunye neyenziweyo. I-Schoeller Textil AG iphuhlise i-Ecorepel®, isiphelo se-DWR esingenayo i-PFC esilinganisa indlela izityalo ezizikhusela ngayo ngokwendalo. Yenza ifilimu encinci ejikeleze imicu ukuchasana namanzi kunye nothuli.
Ezinye izisombululo eziphawulekayo ezingenayo i-PFC ziquka iimveliso ze-zeroF kunye ne-ECOPERL yi-CHT, i-BIONIC-FINISH® ECO yiRudolf Group, kunye ne-Ecoguard-SYN (Conc) yi-Sarex. I-Sciessent inikezela ngeemveliso ze-Curb Water Repellent, ezingena-fluorine kwaye ziyabola. I-Teflon EcoElite inikezela ngetekhnoloji yokususa amabala engena-fluorinated. I-Daikin ine-Unidyne XF yokususa amanzi ngaphandle kwe-PFC. I-DownTek inikezela ngokususa amanzi ngaphandle kwe-PFC. I-NEI's Nanomyte SR-200EC kunye ne-NICCA's Neoseed Series nazo azina-PFC. I-Polartec isuse i-PFAS kunyango lwe-DWR kwiimpahla zayo. Ii-laminates ze-Sympatex bezisoloko zingena-PFAS kunye ne-PTFE. Iimveliso ze-OrganoClick azina-PFAS kwaye ziyabola. Kwane-Snickers Workwear inikezela ngokucoca ngelaphu ngaphandle kwe-fluorocarbons.
Enye indlela enomtsalane yi-Empel™. Ibonisa ukuchasana kwamanzi okuphezulu, ifunxa isithathu samanzi kuphela xa ithelekiswa ne-C0 kunye ne-C6 eziphambili. Ayina-PFAS kwaye ayinatyhefu, inesatifikethi se-Oeko-Tex®. I-Empel isebenzisa inkqubo yokufaka engenamanzi, enciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Inika ukuqina okuhlala ixesha elide kuba yenza i-molecular bond kunye neefayibha. Ngaphezu koko, igcina ilaphu lithambile kwaye liphefumla, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwilaphu lokusebenza elilukiweyo elikhululekileyo.
Ukusebenzisa Izinto Ezingangeni Manzi Kwilaphu Lempahla Yokusebenza Elilukiweyo
Iinkqubo zeSicelo seShishini
Ndiyifumana inomdla indlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwimizi-mveliso yokuphelisa amanzi. Abavelisi basebenzisa kakhulu indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-pad-dry-cure. Okokuqala, bafaka amanzi emanzini.ilaphu lempahla yokusebenza elukiweyokwisisombululo. Esi sisombululo siqulathe ii-DWR agents, izihlanganisi, izithambisi, kunye nee-catalysts. Okulandelayo, ii-rollers zicinezela ilaphu ukuze kufumaneke ukucocwa okufunekayo okumanzi. Emva koko, zomisa imveliso. Ekugqibeleni, ziyayinyanga kumaqondo obushushu athile kunye nobude bexesha. Eli nyathelo lokunyanga libalulekile. Livuselela unyango. Umzekelo, ukomisa kwenzeka phakathi kwe-100°C kunye ne-120°C. Ukunyanga kwenzeka kwi-150°C ukuya kwi-180°C. Ndiyazi nokuba unyango oluninzi lwe-DWR luvuselelwa bubushushu. Ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwisomisi kubushushu obuphantsi okanye obuphakathi kunokunceda ukuvuselela ukugqitywa. Oku kubuyisela unyango kumphezulu welaphu. Ihlala ibuyisela ubuhlalu bamanzi ngaphandle kokufuna unyango olupheleleyo. Ukuba ukuchasana namanzi kuqala ukuncipha, ndicinga ngokuyivuselela i-DWR ndisebenzisa useto lobushushu obuphantsi kwisomisi, ukuba ileyibhile yokhathalelo iyavuma. Kwizinto zeGore-Tex, ndingasebenzisa ne-iron yomphunga kwindawo efudumeleyo, ndibeke itawuli phakathi kwe-iron kunye nengubo.
Ulwakhiwo lweLaphu kunye nokuLukwa ukuze kugxothwe
Ngaphandle konyango lweekhemikhali, ulwakhiwo lomzimba lwelaphu lukwanceda ekuthinteleni amanzi. Ndiyabona ukuba indlela abavelisi abaluka ngayo ilaphu yenza umahluko omkhulu. Amalaphu alukiweyo aqinileyo ngokwendalo ayamelana namanzi ngcono kuneentambo ezikhululekileyo. Ukudibana okusondeleyo kwemisonto kudala umqobo oxineneyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba amathontsi amanzi angene. Cinga nge-fine kakhulu,ilaphu lempahla yokusebenza elukiweyo exineneyoAmanzi ayasokola ukufumana izithuba zokudlula. Olu xhathiso lomzimba lusebenza kunye nokugqitywa kwe-DWR yekhemikhali. Yenza ingubo ethintela amanzi esebenza ngakumbi nehlala ixesha elide. Umzekelo, i-weave elula, enepateni yayo elula engaphantsi, inokuba nkulu kakhulu. Olu xinano lunciphisa ubukhulu be-pores kwilaphu. Ii-pores ezincinci zithetha indawo encinci yokuba amanzi angene. Olu nxulunyaniswa lwe-weave eqinileyo kunye nonyango oluhle lwe-DWR lusinika ukhuseleko olungcono.
Ukusebenza, Ukuqina, kunye nokugcinwa
Ukulinganisa Ukusebenza Kokuthintela Amanzi
Ndihlala ndizibuza ukuba abavelisi bagqiba njani ukuba ukugqitywa okuthintela amanzi kusebenza ngokwenene. Basebenzisa izalathisi ezininzi zokusebenza kunye novavanyo. Ezi mvavanyo zisinceda siqonde ukuba ilaphu liyakwazi ukumelana namanzi.
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo loloUvavanyo lweNtloko olusebenzisa i-Hydrostatic (AATCC 127). Ndibona olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba ilaphu linokumelana noxinzelelo lwamanzi olungakanani ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angene kulo. Babeka ilaphu phantsi kwekholamu yamanzi. Ukuphakama kwekholamu yamanzi, elinganiswa ngeemilimitha (mm H₂O), kubonisa ukumelana kwelaphu. Umzekelo, ndiyazi ukuba impahla engaphezulu kwe-1000 mm ithathwa njengengangeni manzi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, njengeentente okanye izixhobo zomkhosi, zifuna ngaphezulu kwe-3000 mm. Uvavanyo lwe-AATCC 127 lusebenzisa ipompo elawulwa ngekhompyutha. Lufaka uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic ngaphantsi kwelaphu. Isibane sokujonga sinceda ukubona amaconsi amanzi. Olu vavanyo luqhelekile kwiimpahla zemidlalo zangaphandle kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela zonyango.
Olunye uvavanyo olubalulekileyoUvavanyo lweSpray Rating (ISO 4920:2012 okanye AATCC 22). Ndifumanisa ukuba olu vavanyo luvavanya ukumelana kwelaphu nokumanziswa ngumphezulu. Batshiza amanzi kwisampuli yelaphu eliqinileyo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo. Emva koko, balinganisa ngokubonakalayo ipateni emanzi. Isikali sokulinganisa siqala kwi-0 (emanzi ngokupheleleyo) ukuya kwi-100 (akukho mathontsi anamathelayo). Abathengi bamanye amazwe badla ngokufuna ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba angama-90 kwiijakethi zangaphandle. Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuvavanyeni ukumelana kwamanzi kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo zelaphu. Iziphumo zixhomekeke kwimicu, intambo, ukwakhiwa kwelaphu, kunye nokugqitywa.
Ezinye iimvavanyo nazo zinegalelo kumfanekiso opheleleyoukusebenza kwelaphu:
- Uvavanyo lokuphosaOku kujonga indlela amanzi ajika aze aqengqeleke ngayo kumphezulu.
- Uvavanyo lokufunxa (Uvavanyo lweSpot): Ndisebenzisa oku ukubona ukuba ilaphu lifunxa amanzi angakanani na.
- I-AATCC 42Oku kulinganisa ukungena kwamanzi kwiigram. Umzekelo, iilokhwe zonyango zingadinga ngaphantsi kwe-1.0 g/m.
- Uvavanyo lweBundesmann (DIN 53888): Oku kumisela ipesenti yokufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nokumelana nokukrweleka. Ifanelekile kwiimpahla zomsebenzi kunye neempahla ezisebenza nzima.
Ngaphaya kokungangeni manzi, ndicinga nangezinye izintoiipropati zelaphu zokusebenza ngokubanzi:
- I-GSM (iigram ngemitha yesikwere): Oku kundixelela ubunzima belaphu.
- Amandla aqhumayo: Ndiyijonga le nto ukuba ayikrazuki.
- Tensile strength: Oku kulinganisa amandla angakanani ilaphu elinokumelana nawo ngaphambi kokuba liqhekeke.
- Ukumelana nokukrala (ASTM D4966, isivavanyeli sokukrala saseMartindale): Oku kubonisa indlela ilaphu elimelana ngayo nokuguguleka ngenxa yokukhuhla.
- Ukuvuleka komoya: Ndijonge oku ukuze ndifumane ukuphefumla.
- Umbala okhawulezayo wokuhlamba (ISO 105 C03)Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imibala ayipheli emva kokuhlamba.
- Ukukhawuleza kombala emanzini (ISO 105 E01)Oku kujonga uzinzo lombala xa umanzi.
- Umbala ukhawuleza ukubila (ISO 105-E04): Ndisebenzisa oku ukubona ukuba ukubila kuyawuchaphazela na umbala.
- Ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla (ISO-105-X 12)Oku kulinganisa ukuba umbala ugqithiselwa kangakanani xa ukhuhlwa.
Kwimpahla yokusebenza, ndidla ngokubhekisa kwiI-EN 343 esemgangathweni (e-UK). Lo mgangatho uvavanya yonke impahla. Uqwalasela ukumelana kwamanzi kwelaphu kunye nemithungo, ukwakhiwa kwempahla, ukusebenza kwayo, kunye nokuphefumla. Uhlulahlula impahla ibe ziindidi ezine (iKlasi 1 ukuya kwiKlasi 4) zombini ukumelana kwamanzi kunye nokuphefumla. IKlasi 4:4 inika ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Ndiyifumana le migangatho iluncedo kakhulu ekukhetheni ilaphu lokusebenza elilukiweyo elinokuthenjwa elithintela amanzi.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukuqina Kokugqiba
Ndifunde ukuba nezona mpahla zintle ezingangeni manzi azihlali ixesha elide. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukuqina kwazo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kundinceda ndigcine impahla yam yokusebenza ikwimeko entle.
Ingxaki enkulu yileungcoliseko. Iifinishi ze-DWR, kuquka iiwax kunye neesilicone, zingcoliswa lula bukungcola kunye neoyile. Olu ngcoliso lubangela ukuba ezi finishi ziphelelwe ngamandla ngokukhawuleza. Xa i-DWR yonakala, umphezulu welaphu uba manzi. Oku kudala ubushushu, umswakama ecaleni kwesikhumba, nokuba amanzi akangeni kwisambatho. Oku kulahlekelwa ngamandla kunciphisa ubomi besambatho.
Ukurhawuzelelwaikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukukrazulwa kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kubangela ukukrazulwa kweempahla ezingangeni manzi. Oku kukrazulwa kukhokelela kwiindawo apho ukugqitywa kwe-DWR kuguga khona ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukukrazulwa okugqithisileyo okuvela kwimithombo efana namatye, ukudibana okuphindaphindiweyo neebhanti ze-hip kunye nemitya yamagxa, okanye ukuhlamba impahla izihlandlo ezininzi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-DWR. Xa oku kusenzeka, kufuneka kusetyenziswe kwakhona i-DWR.
Okungafanelekangaiindlela zokuhlamba impahlainokonakalisa kakhulu iifinishi ze-DWR. Ndifumanise ukuba izicoci zempahla eziqhelekileyo zitshabalalisa iimpawu ze-DWR. Zibeka intsalela yeekhemikhali. Le ntsalela, enokuqokelelana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2% yobunzima belaphu, iqulethe iziqholo, iidayi zokukhanyisa i-UV, iityuwa, izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa, izixhobo zokulungisa, izinto zokuthambisa zomatshini wokuhlamba, iioyile, amafutha, kunye neepolymers. Le ntsalela iyayiqinisa ilaphu, ibopha imicu, kwaye igqume i-fluoropolymer kwi-DWR. Ithintela amanzi ekuhlanganiseni kwaye ibangele ukuba angene elaphuni. Izinto ezithambisa ilaphu zenza le ngxaki ibe mandundu ngokongeza intsalela engaphezulu.
Ndisoloko ndicebisa ukusebenzisa izicoci ezingathathi cala ze-pH ezenzelwe iimpahla zangaphandle zobugcisa. Ezi zihlala zisekelwe emanzini, ziyabola, kwaye azinazo iidayi, izinto ezimhlophe, izinto zokukhanyisa, okanye ivumba elimnandi. Izicoci ezifanelekileyo kulusu olubuthathaka zihlala zikhuselekile kwizixhobo. Ndiyaziphepha izicoci zemveli, i-bleach, isithambisi-mpahla selaphu, kunye nokucoca ngomileyo. Ezi zinokuvala iimbobo, zonakalise iingubo ze-DWR, kwaye zinciphise ukulinganiswa kwamanzi/kokuphefumla.
Ukuze ndikwazi ukwandisa ubomi bempahla yokusebenza ethintela amanzi, ndilandela iindlela ezithile zokulungisa:
- Ukuvuselela: Le nkqubo ibuyisela ukugqitywa kokuqala okungangeni manzi. Ifuna ubushushu nexesha. Ndingakufezekisa oku ngokuyomisa impahla kubushushu obuphantsi malunga nemizuzu engama-30, ukuba ileyibhile yokhathalelo iyavuma. Ithawula elimanzi linokunceda ukuba isomisi sivala kwangethuba. Ukuba amanzi aphuma elaphini, ukuphinda sisebenze kube yimpumelelo. Ndingayomisa impahla eyomileyo kubushushu obuphantsi ngaphandle komphunga, ndibeke itawuli phakathi kwentsimbi nempahla.
- UkumithaOku kuhlaziya umaleko othintela amanzi nokungcola. Uyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokuguguleka. Ukuphinda kufakwe i-inpregnation kuyadingeka xa amanzi engasaphumi emva kokuhlamba nokomisa. Ndingasebenzisa ii-agents ezikhethekileyo zokuhlamba kumatshini wokuhlamba ngokujikeleza okuthambileyo. Okanye, ndifaka i-inpregnation spray kwimpahla okanye ndisebenzise ii-agents ezikhethekileyo ngexesha lokuhlamba izandla.
- Ukhathalelo Jikelele: Ndihlala ndihlamba iimpahla zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesithambisi-mpahla ngaphambi kokuba ndizifake. Ndilandela imiyalelo yelebheli yokhathalelo lwempahla yelaphu kunye nearhente yokuzifaka.
Ndibona ukuvela kwetekhnoloji ethintela amanzi. Ngoku ilungelelanisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Utshintsho oluqhubekayo luhlala lubonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo kubasebenzi. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zokugqiba kundinceda ndikhethe kwaye ndigcine iimpahla zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo, ndiqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nentuthuzelo.
FAQ
Yintoni i-DWR?
Ndichaza i-DWR njengeIsixovuli samanzi esihlala ixesha elideSisigqubuthelo esikhethekileyo. Esi sigqubuthelo senza amalaphu angangeni manzi.
Kutheni le nto iiPFC zixhalabisa?
Ndiyazi ukuba ii-PFC ziyinto exhalabisayo. Ziyakhula kwindawo ezingqongileyo. Zikwanxibelelana nemiba yezempilo.
Ndingayivuselela njani i-DWR kwakhona?
Ndiyivuselela i-DWR ngobushushu. Ndisebenzisa isixhobo sokomisa xa kushushu kancinci. Ndingasebenzisa ne-ayini.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-21-2025