Yini Ebangela Ukuqeda Okungangeni Manzi Ezindwangu Zesimanje Zokusebenza

Indwangu yokusebenza elukiwe yesimanje ifinyelela isiphetho sayo esingangenisi manzi ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okukhethekile. Lokhu kushintsha ukungezwani kobuso, okubangela ukuba amanzi abe namabala futhi aguqeke. Lokhu kudala i-indwangu engangeni manzi, kubalulekile ezintweni ezifanaindwangu ye-polyester spandex yokuhlanza kwezokwelapha, Indwangu ye-TSP yokugqoka kwezokwelapha, futhiIndwangu yeyunifomu yesibhedlela i-TSP, ngokuvamile njengobaIndwangu yokunakekela elula ye-TSP. Le makethe ibingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-2572.84 ngo-2023.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Ukwenziwa kwezingubo ezikhethekileizindwangu zezingubo zomsebenzixosha amanzi. Lezi zingubo zishintsha ubuso bendwangu. Amanzi abe esephakama abe yizicucu bese egoqeka, okukugcina womile.
• Amakhemikhali amadala avimbela amanzi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-PFC, alimaza imvelo kanye nempilo. Izinketho ezintsha neziphephile manje zivikela izindwangu ngaphandle kwalezi zingozi.
• Ungakwaziyenza izingubo zakho ezingangeni manzi zihlale isikhathi esideZihlanze kahle bese usebenzisa ukushisa ukuze uvuselele isembozo. Lokhu kusiza indwangu ukuthi igcine amanzi engangeni.

Isayensi Yokungakwazi Ukumelana Namanzi Ezingutsheni Zokusebenza

Ukuqonda i-DWR (I-Durable Water Repellent)

Uma ngibhekaizingubo zokusebenza zesimanje, Ngibona izinto eziningi ezintsha, ikakhulukazi endleleni izindwangu eziphatha ngayo amanzi. Imfihlo ivame ukuba sentweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Durable Water Repellent, noma i-DWR. I-DWR iyinkampani ekhethekile ekhiqiza upende esetshenziswa ezindwangu. Lokhu pende kwenza indwangu ingangeni manzi, noma ingabi manzi. Ngokomlando, ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-DWR kwakusebenzisa ama-fluoropolymers. Lezi pende zivame ukuba zincane kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bazifaka ngokufafaza noma ngokucwilisa indwangu esixazululweni samakhemikhali. Bangasebenzisa futhi i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). I-CVD inhle ngoba isebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezimbalwa eziyingozi kanye nezinto ezincane ze-DWR. Iphinde idale ungqimba oluncane kakhulu olungangeni manzi olungashintshi indlela indwangu ebukeka noma ezwakala ngayo kakhulu.

I-DWR isebenza ngokunciphisa amandla angenawo umphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla ongaphezulu endwangu aba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwamanzi. Uma amanzi efika endwangu, akha ubuhlalu bese egoqeka. Lokhu kuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni, okukugcina ukhululekile futhi womile. Ukungangeni kwamanzi ezindwangu kuncike ekutheni uketshezi lunamathela kangakanani endaweni eqinile. Ukungangeni kahle kusho ukungangeni kakhulu. Amandla endwangu okumelana namanzi ancike ezintweni eziningana: ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kobuso bayo, ukuthi ilukhuni kangakanani, ukuthi inezimbobo kangakanani, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlayiya ezikuyo. Izindwangu ezilukiwe kahle nazo ziyasiza. Ukwengeza izinhlayiya ezincane kunganciphisa iziteshi zembobo, okuvimba kakhulu uketshezi.

Ukumelana namanzi kumayelana nokushintsha ukucindezeleka kobuso. Ama-molecule amanzi akhetha ukunamathelana kunokuba anamathele endwangu elungisiwe. Sifeza lokhu ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile. Lawa makhemikhali akha ungqimba olungenamanzi endwangu. Lolu ngqimba luvimba amaconsi amanzi ukuthi angangeni. Esikhundleni salokho, amaconsi ayaphakama futhi aguqe. Lawa ma-ejenti okuqeda asebenza ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, amakhemikhali afana nama-fluorocarbon noma ama-silicone anciphisa amandla obuso bemicu. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi amanzi asakazeke. Okwesibili, ama-ejenti athuthukile adala izindawo ezimahhadlahhadla, ezithambile ezingeni elincane. Lokhu kunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaconsi amanzi nendwangu, okwenza ungqimba lwamanzi lukhuphuke kakhulu.

Umphumela wokungathandi amanzi usebenzisa ukucindezeleka kobuso. Ukugqoka okungangeni manzi kanye nezintambo ezilukiwe ngokuqinile akuzona ezimbozwe nge-polar. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-molecule amanzi awakwazi ukwakha izibopho nawo. Ngakho-ke, amaconsi amanzi ahlala phezu kobuso, ebanjwe ngamandla awo. Uma ithonsi liba nzima kakhulu, amandla adonsela phansi ayalikhipha. Lezi zingubo zamakhemikhali ezingathandi amanzi ziqhubeka ngokwelashwa ngokufutha noma ngokucwilisa. Izindwangu zicwiliswa ezixazululweni ngamakhemikhali axosha amanzi, bese zoma. Njengoba zoma, la makhemikhali, njenge-silicone, i-wax, noma ama-fluorocarbon athile, anamathela kuzintambo ngazinye. Lokhu kushintsha ukucindezeleka kobuso bezintambo. Kwenza kube nzima ngamanzi nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ukungena noma ukunamathela endwangu.

I-Chemistry of Hydrophobicity: Ama-PFC kanye Nezinye Izindlela

Isikhathi eside, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu e-DWR kwakuyizinto ze-per- kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl, noma ama-PFC. Ngokukhethekile, ama-fluorocarbon e-C8 eketanga elide ayeyindinganiso. Lawa makhemikhali ayesebenza kahle kakhulu ekuxosheni kokubili amanzi kanye namafutha. Ayenokuqina okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nokushisa. Kodwa-ke, sifunde ngezinkinga zemvelo kanye nempilo ezihlobene nalezi zinto. Ngemva kokuba ama-fluorocarbon e-C8 evinjelwe, ukwelashwa kwe-C6 yeketanga elifushane kwaba yisisombululo sesikhashana.

Manje sesiyazi ukuthi ama-fluorotelomer, ayingxenye yama-PFC, ahlukana abe ama-PFC acid ayingozi. Lokhu kunezela ekungcoleni kwe-PFC. Izifundo ze-trout zibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlukana kungenzeka ngokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokungcoliswa kokudla kanye nokumuncwa ngqo kubantu. Imboni ye-fluorocarbon yake yathi ukuwohloka kancane enhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwe-EPA lubonise izinga elisheshayo kakhulu. Baphetha ngokuthi ukuwohloka kwe-fluorotelomer-polymer kuwumthombo omkhulu we-PFOA kanye nezinye izinto ezifakwe i-fluorinated emvelweni. Ama-fluorotelomer asekelwe ku-C6 nawo ahlukana abe ama-PFC acid, njenge-PFHxA. Ngenkathi i-PFHxA ingase ibe yingozi kangako kune-PFOA, kuseyinkinga. Amanye ama-fluorotelomer acid avela kulokhu kuhlukana abonise ubuthi ezimpilweni zasemanzini.

Ama-PFC ayinkinga ngoba amaningi aphuka kancane kakhulu. Angakhula kubantu, ezilwaneni, kanye nendawo ezungezile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kuma-PFC athile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yempilo. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka kuma-PFC kungase kulibazise ukuthomba kwamantombazane. Lokhu kungaholela ezingozini eziphezulu zomdlavuza webele, isifo sezinso, kanye nesifo se-thyroid kamuva ekuphileni. Kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuncipha kwamaminerali emathanjeni kubantu abasebasha, okungabangela i-osteoporosis. Izifundo zibonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuchayeka kuma-PFC kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwabesifazane. Amanye ama-PFC angandisa nengozi yomdlavuza we-thyroid. Izifundo ezinkulu kubantu nasezilwaneni zibonisa ukulimala kwesibindi ngenxa yokuchayeka kuma-PFC. Ama-PFC akhula ezicutshini zomzimba njengesibindi, okungenzeka kube nomthelela esifweni sesibindi esinamafutha esingesilo utshwala.

Ngenxa yalezi zinkathazo, ngibona ukusunduza okukhulu kwezinye izindlela ezingenayo i-PFC. Izinkampani eziningi manje zinikeza izinketho ezinhle. Isibonelo, i-Rockgeist inikeza izindwangu ezingenayo i-PFC njengochungechunge lwe-XPac's Cotton Duck kanye neminikelo ye-EcoPak. I-Shell-Tech Free M325-SC1 kanye ne-Shell-Tech Free 6053 ziyiziphetho ezisekelwe emanzini ezisebenzisa ama-polymer asebenza nge-hydrophobic. Zinikeza ukumelana kwamanzi okuphezulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside ekuhlanzweni kaningi. I-Altopel F3® ingenye inketho enhle yemicu yekotini neyenziwe. I-Schoeller Textil AG ithuthukise i-Ecorepel®, isiphetho se-DWR esingenayo i-PFC esilingisa indlela izitshalo ezizivikela ngayo ngokwemvelo. Yakha ifilimu elincane elizungeze imicu ukuze ixoshe amanzi nokungcola.

Ezinye izixazululo eziphawulekayo ezingenayo i-PFC zifaka phakathi imikhiqizo ye-zeroF kanye ne-ECOPERL yi-CHT, i-BIONIC-FINISH® ECO yi-Rudolf Group, kanye ne-Ecoguard-SYN (Conc) yi-Sarex. I-Sciessent inikeza imikhiqizo ye-Curb Water Repellent, engena-fluorine engu-100% futhi ebolayo. I-Teflon EcoElite inikeza ubuchwepheshe bokuxosha amabala obungena-fluorinated. I-Daikin ine-Unidyne XF yokuvimbela amanzi engena-PFC. I-DownTek inikeza ukuxosha amanzi ngaphandle kwe-PFC. I-NEI's Nanomyte SR-200EC kanye ne-NICCA's Neoseed Series nazo azina-PFC. I-Polartec isuse i-PFAS ekwelashweni kwe-DWR ezindwangu zayo. Ama-laminate e-Sympatex abelokhu engena-PFAS kanye ne-PTFE. Imikhiqizo ye-OrganoClick ayina-PFAS futhi ibolayo. Ngisho ne-Snickers Workwear inikeza ukuvikela amanzi kwendwangu okugeza ngaphakathi okungenama-fluorocarbon.

Enye indlela ehlaba umxhwele yi-Empel™. Ibonisa ukumelana namanzi okuphezulu, imunca ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela zamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqeda okuhamba phambili kwe-C0 ne-C6. Ayinayo i-PFAS futhi ayinabo ubuthi, inesitifiketi se-Oeko-Tex®. I-Empel isebenzisa inqubo yokufaka engenamanzi, enciphisa ukungcola nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Inikeza ukuqina okuhlala isikhathi eside ngoba yakha isibopho sama-molecule nezintambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina indwangu ithambile futhi iphefumuleka, okubalulekile endwangu yokusebenza elukiwe ekhululekile.

Ukusebenzisa Izinto Zokuqeda Ezingangeni Manzi Endwangu Yokusebenza Elukiwe

Izinqubo Zokufaka Isicelo Sezimboni

Ngithola ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwezinto eziqeda amanzi kuthakazelisa. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa kakhulu indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-pad-dry-cure. Okokuqala, bacwilisa i-indwangu yezingubo zokusebenza elukiwekusixazululo. Lesi sixazululo siqukethe ama-DWR agents, ama-binder, ama-softeners, kanye nama-catalysts. Okulandelayo, ama-roller acindezela indwangu ukuze kutholakale ukumanzi okufunwayo. Bese, omisa umkhiqizo. Ekugcineni, ayawupholisa emazingeni okushisa athile kanye nobude besikhathi. Lesi sinyathelo sokupholisa sibalulekile. Sivuselela ukwelashwa. Isibonelo, ukomisa kwenzeka phakathi kuka-100°C no-120°C. Ukupholisa kwenzeka ku-150°C kuya ku-180°C. Ngiyazi futhi ukuthi ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-DWR kwenziwa ngokushisa. Ukujikijela okusheshayo emshinini wokomisa ekushiseni okuphansi noma okuphakathi kungasiza ekuvuseleleni ukuqeda. Lokhu kusetha kabusha ukwelashwa ebusweni bendwangu. Ngokuvamile kubuyisela ubuhlalu bamanzi ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa kabusha okuphelele. Uma ukunqandwa kwamanzi kuqala ukuncipha, ngicabanga ukuvuselela i-DWR ngisebenzisa isethingi yokushisa ephansi emshinini wokomisa, uma ilebula yokunakekela ivuma. Ezintweni ze-Gore-Tex, ngingasebenzisa ngisho ne-steam iron endaweni efudumele, ngibeke ithawula phakathi kwe-iron nengubo.

Isakhiwo Sendwangu Nokulukwa Kokuxosha

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, isakhiwo somzimba sendwangu sisiza nasekuvimbeleni amanzi. Ngiyabona ukuthi indlela abakhiqizi abaluka ngayo indwangu yenza umehluko omkhulu. Izindwangu ezilukiwe kahle ngokwemvelo zimelana namanzi kangcono kunezindwangu ezilukiwe. Ukuhlangana okuseduze kwezintambo kudala isithiyo esiqinile. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngamaconsi amanzi ukungena. Cabanga ngendwangu encane kakhulu,indwangu yokusebenza elukiwe ebanziAmanzi ayahluleka ukuthola izikhala zokudlula. Lokhu kumelana ngokomzimba kusebenza kanye nokuphela kwe-DWR yamakhemikhali. Kwakha ingubo evikela amanzi esebenza kahle futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Ukweluka okulula, isibonelo, ngephethini yayo elula engaphansi, kungaba nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuqina kunciphisa usayizi wezikhala endwangu. Izikhala ezincane zisho isikhala esincane sokuthi amanzi angene kuso. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokweluka okuqinile kanye nokwelashwa okuhle kwe-DWR kusinika isivikelo esingcono kakhulu.

Ukusebenza, Ukuqina, kanye Nokunakekelwa

Ukulinganisa Ukusebenza Kokulwa Namanzi

Ngivame ukuzibuza ukuthi abakhiqizi banquma kanjani ukuthi isiphetho esivimbela amanzi sisebenza ngempela. Basebenzisa izinkomba zokusebenza eziningana ezibalulekile kanye nokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusisiza siqonde ukuthi indwangu imelana kahle kangakanani namanzi.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile yilokhuUkuhlolwa Kwekhanda Elingenamanzi (AATCC 127). Ngibona lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi indwangu ingamelana nokucindezela kwamanzi okungakanani ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angene kuyo. Babeka indwangu ngaphansi kwekholomu yamanzi. Ukuphakama kwekholomu yamanzi, okulinganiswe ngamamilimitha (mm H₂O), kubonisa ukumelana kwendwangu. Isibonelo, ngiyazi ukuthi izingubo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 mm zibhekwa njengezingangeni manzi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengamatende noma izimpahla zempi, zidinga ngaphezu kuka-3000 mm. Ukuhlolwa kwe-AATCC 127 kusebenzisa iphampu elawulwa ngogesi. Kufaka ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic ngaphansi kwendwangu. Ukukhanya kokubona kusiza ukuthola amaconsi amanzi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvamile ezingutsheni zemidlalo zangaphandle kanye nezinto zokuvikela zezokwelapha.

Esinye isivivinyo esibalulekile yi-Ukuhlolwa Kwesilinganiso Sokufafaza (ISO 4920:2012 noma i-AATCC 22). Ngithola ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukumelana kwendwangu nokumanziswa komhlaba. Bafutha amanzi kusampula yendwangu eqinile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Bese, balinganisa ngokubonakalayo iphethini emanzi. Isikali sokulinganisa sisuka ku-0 (simanzi ngokuphelele) siye ku-100 (akukho maconsi anamathelayo). Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bavame ukudinga amamaki angaphezu kuka-90 kumajakethi angaphandle. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuhlola ukumelana kwamanzi kokuqedwa kwendwangu okuhlukahlukene. Imiphumela incike kuzintambo, uboya, ukwakhiwa kwendwangu, kanye nokuqedwa.

Ezinye izivivinyo nazo zinegalelo esithombeni esiphelele se-ukusebenza kwendwangu:

• Ukuhlolwa kokulahlaLokhu kuhlola ukuthi amanzi ahlangana kanjani futhi aphenduka kanjani ebusweni.
• Ukuhlolwa kokumuncwa (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Spot): Ngisebenzisa lokhu ukubona ukuthi indwangu imunca amanzi angakanani.
• I-AATCC 42Lokhu kulinganisa ukungena kwamanzi ngamagremu. Isibonelo, izingubo zezokwelapha zingadinga ngaphansi kuka-1.0 g/m.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bundesmann (DIN 53888): Lokhu kunquma kokubili iphesenti lokumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Kufanelekile ezimpahleni zomsebenzi kanye nasezindwangu ezisindayo.

Ngaphandle kokuvimbela amanzi, ngiphinde ngicabangele ezinye izintoizakhiwo zendwangu zokusebenza okuphelele:

• I-GSM (Amagremu Ngemitha Yesikwele): Lokhu kungitshela isisindo sendwangu.
• Amandla okuqhuma: Ngihlola lokhu ukuthi akukwazi ukudabuka.
• Amandla okudonsaLokhu kulinganisa ukuthi indwangu ingamelana namandla angakanani ngaphambi kokuphuka.
• Ukumelana nokuguguleka (ASTM D4966, isihloli sokuguguleka saseMartindale): Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi indwangu imelana kahle kangakanani nokuguguleka ngenxa yokukhuhla.
• Ukuvuleka komoya: Ngibheka lokhu ukuze ngithole ukuthi umoya uyaphefumula kahle.
• Umbala oshesha ukuwasha (ISO 105 C03)Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imibala ayifiphali ngemva kokuwasha.
• Ukuqina kombala emanzini (ISO 105 E01)Lokhu kuhlola ukuqina kombala uma kumanzi.
• Ukuqina kombala kuya ekujulukeni (ISO 105-E04): Ngisebenzisa lokhu ukubona ukuthi ukujuluka kuyawuthinta yini umbala.
• Ukushesha kokuhlikihla (ISO-105-X 12)Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi umbala udlula kangakanani uma uhlikihlwa.

Ngezingubo zokusebenza, ngivame ukubhekisela ku-I-EN 343 Standard (e-UK). Le ndinganiso ihlola yonke ingubo. Ibheka ukumelana kwamanzi kwendwangu kanye nemithungo, ukwakheka kwengubo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphefumula. Ihlukanisa izingubo ngezigaba ezine (Isigaba 1 kuya ku-4) kokubili ukumelana kwamanzi kanye nokuphefumula. Isigaba 4:4 sinikeza isivikelo esiphezulu. Ngithola le ndinganiso iwusizo kakhulu ekukhetheni indwangu yokusebenza elukiwe ethembekile engangeni manzi.

Izici Ezithinta Ukuqina Kokuqeda

Ngifunde ukuthi ngisho nokuqeda okungcono kakhulu okuvimbela amanzi akuhlali phakade. Kunezici eziningana ezithinta ukuqina kwazo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungisiza ngigcine izingubo zami zokusebenza zingcono.

Inkinga enkulu eyodwaukungcola. Ukuqeda kwe-DWR, okuhlanganisa ama-wax nama-silicone, kungcoliswa kalula ukungcola namafutha. Lokhu kungcola kubangela ukuthi lokhu kuqeda kulahlekelwe ukusebenza kahle kwawo ngokushesha. Lapho i-DWR yonakala, ubuso bendwangu buba manzi. Lokhu kudala umuzwa omanzi eduze kwesikhumba, noma ngabe amanzi awangeni engutsheni. Lokhu kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwengubo.

Ukugugulekanakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuhuzuka kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kubangela ukuguguleka kwezingubo ezingangeni manzi. Lokhu kuguguleka kuholela ezindaweni lapho ukuphela kwe-DWR kuguguleka khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhuzuka ngokweqile okuvela emithonjeni efana namatshe, ukuthintana okuphindaphindiwe namabhande e-hip kanye nezintambo zamahlombe, noma ukuwasha izingubo kaningi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-DWR. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-DWR kuba yimfuneko.

Okungafaneleimikhuba yokuwasha izingubokungalimaza kakhulu ukuqedwa kwe-DWR. Ngithole ukuthi izihlanzi ezivamile zokuhlanza izingubo zibhubhisa izakhiwo ze-DWR. Zibeka insalela yamakhemikhali. Le nsalela, enganqwabelana ibe ngu-2% wesisindo sendwangu, iqukethe amakha, amadayi okukhanyisa i-UV, usawoti, ama-surfactants, izinsiza zokucubungula, izinto zokugcoba zomshini wokuwasha, amafutha, amafutha, kanye nama-polymer. Le nsalela iqinisa indwangu, ibopha imicu, futhi imboze i-fluoropolymer eku-DWR. Ivimbela amanzi ukuthi angahlangani futhi ibangele ukuthi angene endwanguni. Izinto zokuthambisa indwangu zenza le nkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu ngokungeza insalela eyengeziwe.

Ngihlala ngincoma ukusebenzisa izihlanzi ezingathathi hlangothi ze-pH ezenzelwe izingubo zangaphandle zobuchwepheshe. Lezi zivame ukuba ngamanzi, zibola kalula, futhi azinawo amadayi, izinto zokugcoba, izinto zokukhanyisa, noma amakha. Izihlanzi ezifanele isikhumba esibucayi zivame ukuphephile ezimpahleni. Ngiyazigwema izihlanzi ezivamile, i-bleach, isithambisi sendwangu, kanye nokuhlanza okomile. Lokhu kungavala ama-pores, kulimaze ukumbozwa kwe-DWR, futhi kunciphise izinga lokungena kwamanzi/lokuphefumula.

Ukuze ngandise isikhathi sokuphila kwezingubo zokusebenza ezingangeni manzi, ngilandela imikhuba ethile yokulungisa:

• Ukuvuselelwa: Le nqubo ibuyisela isiphetho sokuqala esivimbela amanzi. Kudinga ukushisa nesikhathi. Ngingakufeza lokhu ngokusula ingubo ngokushisa okuphansi cishe imizuzu engama-30, uma ilebula yokunakekela ivuma. Ithawula elimanzi lingasiza uma umshini wokomisa uvala kusenesikhathi. Uma amanzi ephuma endwangu, ukuvuselela kube yimpumelelo. Ngingase futhi ngiyi-ayine ingubo eyomile ekushiseni okuphansi ngaphandle komusi, ngibeke ithawula phakathi kwe-ayini nengubo.
• Ukukhulelwa: Lokhu kuvuselela ungqimba oluvimbela amanzi nokungcola. Luyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguguleka. Ukuphinda kufakwe kuyadingeka uma amanzi engasaphumi ngemva kokuwasha nokomisa. Ngingasebenzisa izinto zokugeza ezikhethekile emshinini wokuwasha ngomjikelezo omnene. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngifaka isifutho sokufaka ezingutsheni noma ngisebenzise izinto ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokuwasha izandla.
• Ukunakekelwa Okuvamile: Ngihlala ngiwasha izingubo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesithambisi sendwangu ngaphambi kokuzimithisa. Ngilandela imiyalelo yelebula yokunakekela kokubili indwangu kanye ne-ejenti yokuzimithisa.

Ngibona ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obuvimbela amanzi. Manje bulinganisela ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kunikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo neziphephile kubasebenzi. Ukuqonda lokhu kuqeda kungisiza ukukhetha nokugcina izingubo zokusebenza ezifanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zikhululekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuyini i-DWR?

Ngichaza i-DWR njengeIsivikelo Samanzi Esihlala Isikhathi Eside. Kuyisimbozo esikhethekile. Lesi simbozo senza izindwangu zingangeni manzi.

Kungani ama-PFC eyinkinga?

Ngiyazi ukuthi ama-PFC ayinkinga. Ayanda endaweni ezungezile. Aphinde axhumane nezinkinga zezempilo.

Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani kabusha i-DWR?

Ngivuselela i-DWR ngokushisa. Ngisebenzisa umshini wokomisa i-tumble ekushiseni okuphansi. Ngingasebenzisa ne-ayina.