An fara shi da spandex, ƙwararren ƙira mai “faɗi” wanda masanin kimiyar DuPont Joseph Shivers ya haɓaka.
A cikin 1922, Johnny Weissmuller ya sami suna don buga Tarzan a cikin fim ɗin.Ya kammala tseren tseren mita 100 a cikin dakika 58.6 cikin kasa da minti daya, lamarin da ya girgiza duniyar wasanni.Babu wanda ya kula ko ya lura da irin rigar ninkaya da yake sakawa.Yana da sauƙi auduga.Ya bambanta da babbar rigar fasaha ta zamani da ɗan Amurka Caleb Drexel wanda ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin daƙiƙa 47.02 a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo!
Tabbas, a cikin shekaru 100, hanyoyin horarwa sun canza, kodayake Weissmuller ya jaddada salon rayuwa.Ya zama mabiyi mai kishin cin ganyayyaki, enema da motsa jiki na Dokta John Harvey Kellogg.Dressel ba mai cin ganyayyaki ba ne.Yana son gurasar nama kuma yana fara ranarsa tare da karin kumallo mai yawa.Babban bambanci shine a cikin horo.Drexel yana gudanar da horon kan layi akan injunan tuƙi da kekuna masu tsayawa.Amma ko shakka babu rigar ninkaya ita ma tana kawo sauyi.Tabbas ba darajar dakika 10 ba ne, amma lokacin da manyan masu ninkaya na yau suka rabu da juzu'in daƙiƙa, masana'anta da salon rigar ninkaya sun zama mahimmanci.
Duk wani tattaunawa game da fasahar swimsuit dole ne ya fara da mu'ujiza na spandex.Spandex wani abu ne na roba wanda zai iya shimfidawa kamar roba kuma da sihiri ya koma siffarsa ta asali.Amma ba kamar roba ba, ana iya samar da shi ta hanyar zaruruwa kuma ana iya saka shi cikin yadudduka.Spandex zane ne mai wayo na "fadada" wanda masanin kimiyar DuPont Joseph Schiffer ya kirkira a karkashin jagorancin William Chachi, wanda ya shahara wajen kirkiro cellophane mai hana ruwa ta hanyar lullube kayan da Layer na nitrocellulose.Ƙirƙirar kayan wasanni ba shine ainihin manufar Shivers ba.A wancan lokacin, ƙuƙumman da aka yi da roba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tufafin mata, amma buƙatun roba ya yi karanci.Kalubalen shine samar da wani abu na roba wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don waistbands a madadin.
DuPont ya gabatar da polymers irin su nailan da polyester zuwa kasuwa kuma yana da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin haɗin macromolecules.Shivers yana samar da spandex ta hanyar haɗawa da "block copolymers" tare da madaidaicin sassa na roba da tsattsauran ra'ayi.Akwai kuma rassan da za a iya amfani da su don "crosslink" kwayoyin don ba da ƙarfi.Sakamakon hada spandex tare da auduga, lilin, nailan ko ulu shine kayan da ke da roba da kuma dadi don sawa.Kamar yadda kamfanoni da yawa suka fara samar da wannan masana'anta, DuPont ya nemi takardar izini don sigar spandex a ƙarƙashin sunan "Lycra".
A shekara ta 1973, 'yan wasan ninkaya na Gabashin Jamus sun saka rigar wasan ninkaya na spandex a karon farko, inda suka karya tarihi.Wannan na iya zama mafi alaƙa da amfani da su na steroids, amma yana sa Speedo's gasa kayan juya.An kafa shi a cikin 1928, kamfanin masana'anta ne na tushen kimiyya, wanda ke maye gurbin auduga da siliki a cikin kayan ninkaya na "Racerback" don rage juriya.Yanzu, sakamakon nasarar da mutanen Gabashin Jamus suka samu, Speedo ya canza zuwa shafa spandex tare da Teflon, kuma ya siffata ƙananan ƙugiya masu siffar V kamar fata shark a saman, wanda aka ce yana rage tashin hankali.
A shekara ta 2000, wannan ya samo asali zuwa cikakkiyar rigar jiki wanda ya kara rage juriya, yayin da aka gano ruwa yana manne da fata fiye da kayan iyo.A shekara ta 2008, an sanya bangarori na polyurethane bisa dabara sun maye gurbin polytetrafluoroethylene.An gano wannan masana'anta da ta ƙunshi Lycra, nailan da polyurethane don kama ƙananan aljihunan iska waɗanda ke sa masu iyo su yi iyo.Amfanin a nan shi ne cewa juriya na iska bai wuce juriya na ruwa ba.Wasu kamfanoni suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da suttura na polyurethane mai tsabta saboda wannan abu yana ɗaukar iska sosai.Tare da kowane ɗayan waɗannan "nasara", lokaci yana raguwa kuma farashin ya tashi.Babban kwat da wando na iya tsada fiye da $500.
Kalmar “masu kara kuzari” sun mamaye ƙamus ɗin mu.A shekara ta 2009, Hukumar kula da wasan ninkaya ta duniya (FINA) ta yanke shawarar daidaita filin da kuma hana duk wani suturar ninkaya da duk wani kayan ninkaya da aka yi da yadudduka ba saƙa.Wannan bai dakatar da tseren don inganta kwat da wando ba, kodayake adadin saman jikin da za su iya rufewa ya iyakance yanzu.Ga wasannin Olympics na Tokyo, Speedo ya ƙaddamar da wani sabon rigar da aka yi da yadudduka daban-daban guda uku, waɗanda asalinsu bayanan mallakarsu ne.
Spandex baya iyakance ga kayan iyo.Skiers, kamar masu hawan keke, suna matsewa cikin rigar spandex santsi don rage juriyar iska.Rigar mata har yanzu tana da babban yanki na kasuwanci, kuma spandex har ma yana sanya shi cikin leggings da jeans, yana matse jiki a wuri mai kyau don ɓoye ɓarna mara kyau.Dangane da sabbin abubuwan wasan ninkaya, watakila ’yan takarar za su fesa tsiraicin jikinsu da wani polymer don kawar da duk wani juriyar rigar iyo!Bayan haka, 'yan wasan Olympics na farko sun yi gasar tsirara.
Joe Schwarcz shine darektan Ofishin Kimiyya da Jama'a na Jami'ar McGill (mcgill.ca/oss).Yana karbar bakuncin The Dr. Joe Show a CJAD Radio 800 AM kowace Lahadi daga 3 zuwa 4 na yamma
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Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-22-2021