Kev Xaiv Cov Ntaub Rau Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob Piav Qhia

Kev xaiv ntaub ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom tus neeg mob thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tswj kev kis kab mob thiab kev nplij siab ntawm tus neeg mob hauv chaw kho mob. Kev xaiv ntaub tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob siab thiab txwv tsis pub tus neeg mob txav mus los. Cov neeg mob feem ntau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm cov qauv hnav khaub ncaws, uas cuam tshuam rau kev nplij siab thiab kev hwm tus kheej.

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb

• Cov ntaub hnav thaum mus pw hauv tsev kho mob sib txawv muaj ntau qib kev tiv thaiv thiab kev nplij siab. Cov ntaub tsis ntaub xws li SMS muab cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob zoo, thaum cov ntaub ntaub xws li paj rwb muab kev nplij siab.
• Cov tsho hauv tsev kho mob raug kuaj seb lawv tiv thaiv cov kua thiab cov kab mob zoo npaum li cas. Cov qib AAMI (1-4) qhia tias cov tsho muab kev tiv thaiv ntau npaum li cas, nrog rau Qib 4 yog qhov siab tshaj plaws.
• Cov tsho hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua tshiab zoo dua rau ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem txuag tau nyiaj. Lawv txo cov khib nyiab thiab siv hluav taws xob thiab dej tsawg dua piv rau cov tsho pov tseg.

Nkag Siab Txog Cov Qeb Ntaub Ntawm Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob

Cov Ntaub Tsis-Woven rau Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob

Cov ntaub tsis-woven yog ib qho kev xaiv dav dav raucov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mobCov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov ntaub ntawv no los ntawm kev sib txuas cov xov ua ke es tsis yog kev sib xyaw ua ke. Ib txoj kev tseem ceeb yog spunbonding. Cov txheej txheem no siv cua sov thiab siab los tsim cov ntaub muaj zog, sib dua. Lwm txoj kev tseem ceeb yog meltblowing. Ntawm no, cov khoom molten extrudes rau ntawm cov ntaub, tom qab ntawd txias thiab khov. Cov txheej txheem no muab cov khoom thaiv zoo tiv thaiv cov kua thiab cov kab mob. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm spunbond thiab meltblown ua rau cov ntaub uas sib dua, ua pa tau, thiab tiv taus kev rhuav tshem. Kev sib xyaw ua ke no zoo tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob.

Cov Ntaub Woven rau Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob

Cov ntaub woven muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hom siv rov qab tau. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov fiber feem ntau suav nrog 100% monofilament polyester. Qee cov ntaub woven suav nrog 99% polyester nrog 1% carbon fiber stripe. Cov carbon fiber no pab nrog kev yaj thiab tiv taus kua. Keeb kwm, paj rwb thiab poly-paj rwb sib xyaw ua ke yog cov khoom siv rau cov khaub ncaws siv rov qab tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov khoom porous tso cai rau cov kab mob me me hla dhau. Cov ntaub micro-filament muaj cov ntaub woven nruj, zoo heev. Cov chaw tsim khoom rov ua cov no nrog tus neeg sawv cev hydrophobic los txhim kho lawv cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv.

Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws Hauv Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob

Rau qee yamcov txheej txheem kho mob, cov khoom siv ib txheej yuav tsis muaj cov khoom thaiv txaus. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntxiv cov txheej, txheej txheej, lossis cov khoom txhawb nqa. Cov txheej txheem no txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom xws li kev nqus tau, kev tiv thaiv kev plam, thiab lub zog. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog cov ntoo pulp thiab polypropylene (PP) fibers. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ntawm 70% ntoo pulp nrog 30% PP fibers tsim ib txheej spunlace ntaub. Ntoo pulp sai sai nqus cov kua, thaum PP fibers muab cov qauv ruaj khov. Cov khoom sib xyaw no tso cai rau huab cua ncig thaum thaiv cov kab mob thiab cov kua. Cov ntaub sib xyaw kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev inorganic antibacterial, xws li cov nyiaj ion-modified fibers, koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm fiber extrusion.

Cov Khoom ntawm Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob Feem Ntau

Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub hnav hauv tsev kho mob sib txawv pab cov chaw kho mob txiav txim siab tau zoo. Txhua yam khoom muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau ntau qhov chaw kho mob thiab qib kev tiv thaiv.

Polypropylene Spunbond Npuag

Cov ntaub polypropylene spunbond yog ib qho kev xaiv nrov rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob pov tseg. Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov khoom siv no los ntawm kev rho tawm cov polypropylene uas yaj thiab tom qab ntawd tig nws mus rau hauv cov xov zoo. Tom qab ntawd lawv khi cov xov no ua ke siv cua sov thiab siab. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov ntaub sib dua, ua pa tau, thiab pheej yig. Nws muab qib yooj yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kua thiab cov khoom me me. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob feem ntau siv cov khaub ncaws polypropylene spunbond rau cov txheej txheem tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo lossis kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob dav dav qhov twg kev tiv thaiv dav dav tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb.

Spunbond Meltblown Spunbond (SMS) Npuag

Cov ntaub SMS sawv cev rau kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv cov thev naus laus zis tsis-woven rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob. Nws muaj peb txheej: ob txheej spunbond sab nraud (S) thiab txheej meltblown sab hauv (M). Cov txheej spunbond muab lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov, thaum txheej meltblown ua haujlwm ua qhov thaiv tseem ceeb. Cov txheej meltblown no zoo thaiv cov kua thiab cov khoom me me.

SMS nonwovens ua pov thawj tias muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawmS. aureusthiabE. colihauv cov kua ntsev piv rau cov ntaub woven. Cov khaub ncaws polypropylene, suav nrog SMS laminates, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm ntau yam khoom siv sim. Cov txheej meltblown hauv SMS ntaub muab cov khoom thaiv tsis pub cov kab mob thiab ua tiav > 95% kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lim dej kab mob (VFE) rau cov kab mob me me li 0.1 microns.

Cov ntaub SMS muaj kev tiv thaiv dej zoo heev. Xav txog qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog hydrostatic hauv qab no, uas ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub:

Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau tias SMS ntaub ua tau zoo dua li spunbond polypropylene hauv kev tiv thaiv kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hnyav dua. SMS kuj tseem ua tau zoo hauv kev lim dej ntawm cov kab mob (BFE):

Cov tsho SMS txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev kis kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov tsho SMS txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj los ntawm 68% piv rau cov tsho PP txheem. Lawv kuj txo cov nqi kis kab mob los ntawm 67% piv rau cov ntaub woven. Qhov no ua rauSMS yog cov khoom siv nyiam rau cov khaub ncaws phaisthiab lwm yam kev siv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam siab.

Polyethylene Npuag

Cov ntaub Polyethylene (PE) paub txog nws qhov tsis nkag tau zoo heev. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau siv nws rau cov khaub ncaws cais tawm qhov twg yuav tsum muaj cov kua dej thaiv tag nrho. Cov khaub ncaws chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ib hom uas siv ntau, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo.

• Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm CPE muab lub zog thiab kev ywj pheej. Qhov no ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv pov tseg hauv ob qho tib si ntub thiab qhuav.
• Cov tsho CPE tiv thaiv dej tau. Cov cement polymer tshwj xeeb thiab cov nplaum nplaum ua ib txheej tiv thaiv dej tau zoo.
• Lawv ua rau lawv tiv taus kev laus, ua rau siv tau rau huab cua hnyav thiab tej chaw nyob tsis zoo. Lawv kuj tiv taus ozone txaus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb.
• Cov kws kho mob hnav cov khaub ncaws CPE cais tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom tswj tau qhov xwm txheej aseptic thiab xyuas kom meej tias tus neeg mob muaj kev nyab xeeb.
• Cov tsho CPE pab tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv tsev kho mob thiab cov chav saib mob, ua kom huv si.

Piv txwv li, Ritmed® AssureWear® Polyethylene Isolation Gowns muaj tus qauv tsim hla lub taub hau nrog cov ntiv tes xoo. Cov gowns no yog ua los ntawm spunbond polyethylene thiab muaj cov seams xaws rau lub zog zoo dua. Lawv tsis muaj latex thiab raug cais ua hom kev siv gown cais. Lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis pub dej nkag qhia txog lawv qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev thaiv.

Paj Rwb thiab Paj Rwb Sib Xyaws Tsev Kho Mob Cov Khaub Ncaws Hnav

Cov ntaub paj rwb thiab cov ntaub paj rwb sib xyaw yog cov kev xaiv ib txwm muaj rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua. Lawv muab kev nplij siab thiab ua pa tau zoo rau cov neeg mob.

Ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xis nyob thiab ua pa tau zoo xws li paj rwb lossis paj rwb sib xyaw, peb cov khaub ncaws rau cov neeg mob muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xis nyob ntawm tus neeg mob thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev npog zoo.

Txawm hais tias xis nyob, paj rwb qhov ntxeem tau txhais tau tias nws muaj qhov tsis kam rau kua tsawg. Qhov no txwv nws siv rau hauv ib puag ncig uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv siab. Paj rwb sib xyaw, feem ntau nrog polyester, lub hom phiaj yog txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab txo qhov ntsws thaum tseem khaws qee qhov kev nplij siab ntawm paj rwb. Kev tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws no xav tau cov txheej txheem ntxuav tshwj xeeb. Cov khaub ncaws qias neeg dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav kom huv si. Qhov no yuav suav nrog kev ntxuav, kev tua kab mob, thiab kev tua kab mob. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm hom khaub ncaws thiab qib kev ua qias tuaj uas nws tau ntsib. Cov khaub ncaws cais tawm rov siv tau, xws li cov khaub ncaws daj nruab nrab hnyav, yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub polyester-paj rwb sib xyaw ua ke 55/45 ruaj khov thiab ua pa tau. Cov khoom sib xyaw no yog tsim los rau kev siv ntau yam thiab ntxuav yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nws cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv. Qhov no ua rau nws haum rau cov chaw kho mob uas xav tau kev kho mob ntau.

Polyester thiab Polyester Blend Tsev Kho Mob Cov Khaub Ncaws Npuag

Cov ntaub polyester thiab polyester sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua vim lawv lub zog ruaj khov, lub zog, thiab tiv taus kev ntsws thiab kev ntsws. Polyester muaj kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg zoo thiab tsis nqus cov kua, ua rau nws tiv thaiv tau qee yam kab mob zoo dua li paj rwb.

Piv txwv li, cov tsho tiv no polyester yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab siv tau ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsho tiv no paj rwb muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg heev rau cov kua thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov polyester sib xyaw feem ntau sib xyaw polyester nrog paj rwb kom sib npaug kev nplij siab nrog kev ruaj khov thiab kev tiv thaiv kua. Cov ntaub no tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub voj voog ntxuav thaum tswj lawv cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv.

Tus thawj tswj hwm chaw kho mob dialysis tau tshaj tawm tias cov khaub ncaws uas tsis muaj zog tshaj 90% tom qab ntxuav 20 zaug lawm suav tias tsis haum. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov mus siv polyester sib xyaw, uas tseem muaj zog txog 95% tom qab ntxuav 60 zaug. Qhov no qhia tau tias polyester thiab nws cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke siv tau ntev thiab pheej yig dua hauv cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua.

Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Khaub Ncaws Hauv Tsev Kho Mob

Cov chaw kho mob ua tib zoo soj ntsuam ntau yam kev ua tau zoo thaum xaivcov ntaub hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mobCov qauv no ua kom ntseeg tau tias tus neeg mob muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kua Dej thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob

Kev tiv thaiv kua yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob. Nws tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov ntshav, cov kua dej hauv lub cev, thiab lwm yam kua. Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhim Kho Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Kho Mob (AAMI) tau tsim ib qho kev faib tawm (Theem 1-4) los ntsuas qhov kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua dej ntawm cov khaub ncaws pov tseg.

• Cov tsho tiv thaiv theem 1 muab kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm kev raug dej tsawg. Cov chaw tsim khoom sim cov tsho tiv no rau kev cuam tshuam dej tsuag xwb, siv cov txheej txheem zoo li AATCC 42.
• Cov tsho tiv thaiv theem 2 muab kev tiv thaiv sib dua mus rau nruab nrab tiv thaiv cov kua dej nkag mus. Lawv raug kuaj xyuas rau ob qho tib si kev cuam tshuam los ntawm dej tsuag (piv txwv li, AATCC 42) thiab hydrostatic pressure (piv txwv li, AATCC 127).
• Cov khaub ncaws phais, feem ntau yog Qib 3 thiab Qib 4, siv cov npe AAMI. Lawv muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv uas muaj zog hauv cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.

Cov theem AAMI rau cov ntaub hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob raug txiav txim siab siv cov txheej txheem kuaj txheem. ASTM F1670 thiab ASTM F1671 yog cov nruj tshaj plaws. Cov kev kuaj no suav nrog cov kua dej hauv lub cev thiab cov ntshav uas kis tau cov kab mob zoo sib xws. Tsuas yog cov khaub ncaws uas dhau ASTM F1671 raug cais ua Qib 4. Qhov no qhia txog kev tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob. Cov theem qis dua (1, 2, thiab 3) raug kuaj tawm tsam dej. Lawv qhia txog kev tiv thaiv cov kua dej uas muaj qhov siab dua. Cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tshaj tawm txog kev ua tau zoo tawm tsam AATCC 42 thiab AATCC 127. Cov qauv European siv ISO rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua tau zoo sib xws.

Cov kev cai lij choj sib txawv rau cov khaub ncaws phais thiab cov khaub ncaws cais tawm.

• Cov Khaub Ncaws Phais Mob:
  • Thaj chaw tseem ceeb muaj tsawg kawg yog lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej (cheeb tsam A) thiab cov tes tsho qis dua (cheeb tsam B).
  • Kev faib tawm yog raws li qhov ua tau zoo qis dua ntawm ob qho chaw no.
  • Tag nrho pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsho tshaj sab (cheeb tsam A, B, thiab C) yuav tsum muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm tsawg kawg yog Qib 1.
  • Sab nraub qaum ntawm lub tsho (cheeb tsam D) yuav tsis tiv thaiv tau.
• Cov Khaub Ncaws Rho Tawm:
  • Tag nrho cov khaub ncaws raug suav hais tias yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev sib cuag tsis paub tseeb nrog cov ntshav, cov kua dej hauv lub cev, thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav kis tau kab mob (OPIM).
  • Tag nrho cov tsho tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog cov seams (tsis suav nrog cov cuffs, hems, thiab bindings), yuav tsum ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev thaiv kab mob.
  • Cov khaub ncaws cais tawm uas qhib nraub qaum tsis ua tau raws li qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntsuas.

FDA suav tias cov khaub ncaws phais yog cov khoom siv Class II. Lawv xav tau kev ceeb toom ua ntej kev lag luam (510k xa). Cov khaub ncaws phais yuav tsum tau sau npe ua AAMI Qib 3 lossis 4 yog tias muag raws li 'phais' hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem thov tias yog AAMI Qib 1 lossis 2 yog tias muag raws li 'phais'. Cov khaub ncaws cais tawm tuaj yeem raug ntsuas AAMI Qib 1-4 lossis tsis ntsuas. Cov khaub ncaws cais tawm Qib 1 & 2 yog cov khoom siv Class I. Lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ceeb toom ua ntej kev lag luam. Cov khaub ncaws cais tawm Qib 3 & 4 yog cov khoom siv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Lawv xav tau kev ceeb toom ua ntej kev lag luam. Ob hom khaub ncaws poob rau hauv 21 CFR 878.4040. FDA suav tias cov khaub ncaws nrog kev tiv thaiv nruab nrab mus rau siab (Qib 3 & 4) ua cov khoom siv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua.

Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov theem AAMI thiab lawv cov txheej txheem sim sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thaiv:

Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Cov Kab Mob Microbial

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub los thaiv cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj kev kis kab mob. Rau cov khoom tsim los thaiv cov khoom me me hauv huab cua thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lim dej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qeb kev sim. Tsev neeg ntawm kev sim no muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tau ntawm cov khoom siv lub peev xwm los ua lub cev thaiv kab mob me me thiab cov pa phem.

Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem sim uas siv ntau rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob microbial:

Qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lim dej ntawm cov kab mob (VFE) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov kab mob me dua li cov kab mob me. Qhov no ua rau lawv yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv lim dej zoo. Qhov ntsuas VFE siab tsis tuaj yeem sib tham tau rau txhua yam khoom uas thov kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv huab cua. Cov chaw kuaj mob kuj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv huab cua permeability (ntsuas ntawm ΔP) tseem qis txaus rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv. Qhov no muab qhov sib npaug tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua pa thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Rau kev lim cov kab mob, cov ntaub yuav tsum ua tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) ntawm 98%. ASTM F2101 ntsuas qhov no. Rau kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob, cov ntaub yuav tsum ua pov thawj tias muaj kev txo qis tsawg kawg 3 cav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no txhais tau tias tua tau 99.9% ntawm cov kab mob uas tau tsom mus rau. ISO 20743 ntsuas qhov no.

Kev ua pa tau thiab xis nyob

Kev ua pa tau zoo hauv cov ntaub, suav nrog cov uas siv rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob, yog ntsuas los ntawm lawv qhov kev ntsuas permeability. Qhov no qhia tau tias huab cua yooj yim hla dhau cov ntaub. Qhov kev ntsuas no tseem ceeb rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev ntsuas siab txhais tau tias cov ntaub ua pa tau zoo dua. Qhov kev ntsuas qis qhia tau tias ua pa tsis tau zoo. Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov permeability ntawm cov ntaub. Cov no suav nrog qhov tuab ntawm cov fiber (cov fiber nyias dua feem ntau ua rau permeability ntau dua), hom ntaub (cov ntaub nruj dua ua rau cov cua tsis nkag tau zoo dua, thaum cov ntaub xoob dua ua rau nws zoo dua), thiab cov ntaub tiav (qee qhov tiav thaiv cov cua hla, thaum lwm tus ua rau lub pa tsis nkag tau zoo dua). Cov txheej txheem sim dav dav rau kev permeability ntawm cov huab cua suav nrog ASTM D737 thiab ISO 9237. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb los ntsuas qhov nrawm ntawm cov cua ntws los ntawm cov qauv ntaub. Cov txiaj ntsig txiav txim siab qhov kev ntsuas permeability ntawm cov huab cua. Qhov no coj cov khoom siv xaiv rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Rau cov ntaub dav dav, qhov cua nkag tau feem ntau yog li ntawm 100 txog 300 L/m²/s. Cov ntaub uas muaj qhov cua nkag tau tsawg, feem ntau qis dua 100 L/m²/s, tsis ua pa tau zoo. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv lawv hauv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv qhov twg xav tau qhov cua nkag tau tsawg. Qhov cua nkag tau siab, tshaj 300 L/m²/s, qhia txog cov ntaub uas ua pa tau zoo heev. Cov no yog cov tsim nyog rau cov khaub ncaws ua si thiab cov khaub ncaws ua si. Cov ntaub kho mob, xws li cov rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob, muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau 'kev tswj qhov cua nkag tau'. Qhov no sib npaug kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ua pa tau. Nws ua kom muaj kev sib pauv cua kom zoo rau tus neeg mob xis nyob thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Ib txwm muaj, cov khaub ncaws phais uas siv tau dua yog ua los ntawm paj rwb muslin. Qhov no yog ib daim ntaub uas tsis muaj zog, ua pa tau zoo nrog rau qhov nkag tau cua zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kua qis ua rau nws siv tsawg dua. Cov khaub ncaws niaj hnub no feem ntau siv polyester lossis polyester-paj rwb sib xyaw. Thaum cov polyester-paj rwb sib xyaw muab kev nplij siab zoo, lawv kuj ntsib teeb meem nrog kev tiv thaiv kua nkag. Cov ntaub polyester filament uas nruj nreem muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob vim txo qis kev nplij siab. Cov ntaub tsis woven, feem ntau siv rau cov khaub ncaws siv ib zaug xwb, suav nrog spunlace, spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS), thiab cov ntaub ntub-laid. Qee cov ntaub nonwoven gown tau raug soj ntsuam tias txias dua vim qhov hnyav sib dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub nonwoven ib txwm muaj tau raug sib tw rau lawv qhov kev nkag tau cua qis thiab tus nqi kis tau dej noo. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau qib kev nplij siab.

Muaj ntau yam khoom siv ntawm daim ntaub uas pab tau rau tus neeg mob kom xis nyob thiab tswj tau dej noo:

• Cov khoom zoo rau cov dej noo, qhuav sai, thiab tsis kub thiab ua pa ua rau xis nyob dua. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub Polyester 8 rau cov khaub ncaws ua si.
• Kev tiv taus kub thiab pa dej ntau thiab lub sijhawm ziab ntev ua rau tsis xis nyob. Npuag 4 yog ib qho piv txwv.
• Cov ntaub zoo tswj tau dej noo, tsis kub thiab tsis ua pa, thiab lub sijhawm qhuav luv luv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub xis nyob. Npuag 10 yog ib qho piv txwv.
• Cov ntaub uas tiv taus cua sov thiab dej noo ntau dua, cov dej noo nkag tau tsawg dua, thiab lub sijhawm ziab ntev dua yog cov ntaub uas tsis xis nyob. Cov ntaub tiv thaiv cua sov 18, 5, 4, 10, 2, 9, thiab 17 yog cov piv txwv.

Qhov hnyav thiab tuab ntawm cov ntaub cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam rau dej. Kev txo lawv ua rau tsis kam rau dej tsawg dua. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias. Cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv dej noo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kub thiab txias uas muaj kev tawm hws ntau. Cov ntaub uas nqus thiab thauj cov dej noo sai sai ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua rau muaj kev nplij siab. Cov khaub ncaws ntub dej ua rau txo qhov kev nplij siab. Cov dej noo ntau ntxiv hauv cov khaub ncaws ua rau txo qhov kev nplij siab. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev pom qhov ntub dej ntau ntxiv thiab kev nplij siab txo qis. Hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntub dej ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua rau qhov kev nplij siab kub dua li qhov kub ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ziab, kev tiv thaiv dej noo (Ret), thiab kev tiv thaiv cua sov (Rct). Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cua sov thiab dej noo ntau dua yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua kom qhuav. Lub sijhawm ziab tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog qhov ceev ntawm cov dej noo (MWR).B) thiab cov dej noo noo ntawm sab nraud (SSB). Qhov no txhais tau tias cov dej noo kis tau sai dua thiab cov dej noo ntau dua ua rau kom qhuav sai dua. Tus qauv thermo-physiological comfort performance (TCP) suav nrog cov ntaub tseem ceeb. Cov no suav nrog qhov hnyav, qhov ceev ntawm cov dej noo kis, thiab kev tiv thaiv evaporative. Npuag 8 (86% PES + 14% EL) tau txheeb xyuas tias yog qhov xis tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim nws cov khoom zoo thermoregulatory. Kev sim hnav tau lees paub qhov no, qhov twg ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg koom nrog pom tias nws xis tshaj plaws.

Kev ruaj khov thiab kev siv dua tshiab

Kev ruaj khov yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua. Nws txiav txim siab seb lub tsho tiv no tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ntxuav thiab kev tua kab mob ntau npaum li cas thaum tseem tswj nws cov khoom tiv thaiv.

Lub neej nruab nrab ntawm ib lub tsho tiv thaiv uas siv tau dua yog kwv yees li 64 zaug ntxuav. Cov tsho tiv no uas siv tau dua feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub polyester uas muaj xov.

Qhov kev siv tau ntev no ua rau cov khaub ncaws uas siv tau dua tshiab yog ib qho kev xaiv uas ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum siv cov kev tswj xyuas zoo nruj heev. Cov no ua kom cov khaub ncaws tseem zoo tom qab ntxuav txhua zaus. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau qhov tawg, qhov, lossis cov kab sib txuas puas tsuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev Siv Nyiaj Zoo thiab Kev Cuam Tshuam Rau Ib Puag Ncig

Cov chaw kho mob feem ntau xav txog ob qho tib si kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog thiab kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thaum xaiv cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob.

Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej voj voog piv rau cov txheej txheem hnav khaub ncaws rov siv tau thiab pov tseg ntawm theem chaw kho mob tau qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig rau cov khaub ncaws rov siv tau:

• Txo kev siv hluav taws xob 28%
• Txo tau 30% ntawm cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov
• Txo kev siv dej xiav 41%
• Txo tau 93% ntawm kev tsim cov khib nyiab khov kho

Tebchaws Meskas txoj kev kho mob pab txhawb rau cov khib nyiab thiab cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov. Kev pabcuam thaum lub sijhawm phais mob ib leeg tsim txog li 70% ntawm cov khib nyiab khov hauv cov tsev kho mob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov no yog 2.8 billion phaus txhua xyoo. Kev ua haujlwm feem ntau tsim txog li 50 phaus ntawm cov khib nyiab ib rooj plaub. Kev phais mob pob txha thiab lub plawv tsim txog li 200 phaus. Kev tsim cov khib nyiab hauv cov tsev kho mob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nce 15% txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 1992. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg ntau ntxiv. Cov ntaub pov tseg, suav nrog cov khaub ncaws phais, yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev pov tseg hauv chav phais.

Cov lus hauv qab no piv rau qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov khaub ncaws phais uas siv tau dua piv rau cov khaub ncaws phais uas siv pov tseg:

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov ntaub siv kho mob uas siv tau dua (HCTs), suav nrog cov khaub ncaws phais, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig tsawg dua piv rau lawv cov khoom siv pov tseg. Cov txiaj ntsig no suav nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua, kev siv dej tsawg dua, cov khib nyiab khov tsawg dua, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua. Kev sib kis COVID-19 tau hais ntxiv txog kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kab ke PPE siv tau dua ib puag ncig hla cov saw hlau pov tseg. Txawm hais tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig no, HCTs siv tau dua tam sim no sawv cev rau ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv PPE hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm ob qho tib si siv tau thiab pov tseg PPE tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv zos. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev xa khoom. Txawm hais tias cov khaub ncaws siv tau hnyav dua, qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm lawv txoj kev thauj mus los yog me me piv rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Kev thauj cov khib nyiab Qeb A (cov khoom sib kis tau yooj yim) kim dua thiab nyuaj dua li cov khib nyiab kho mob tswj hwm. Nws xav tau ntau qhov ntim khoom thiab cov kev taug kev nyuaj. PPE pov tseg tuaj yeem ntxiv 60-70 phaus ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom ib lub thoob. Qhov no ua rau cov nqi thauj mus los thiab cov teebmeem ib puag ncig nce ntxiv. Kev faib cov khoom tsis raug hauv tsev kho mob ua rau txog li 70% ntawm cov khib nyiab kho mob tswj hwm raug cais tsis raug. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau kev lag luam thiab cov nqi ib puag ncig. Kev txo cov lus pom zoo PPE raws li kev nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo, raws li pom nrog MRSA thiab VRE, kuj tuaj yeem pab tau ib puag ncig.

Kev sib piv ntawm cov nqi siv tas mus li kuj nyiam cov kev xaiv siv dua tshiab:

| Tus Nqi | Cov Khaub Ncaws Siv Ib Zaug Xwb (Ua Ntej Hloov) | Cov Khaub Ncaws Siv Tau Dua (Tom Qab Hloov) | Kev Txuag/Txo | | :——————————– | :—————————– | :—————- | | Tag Nrho Cov Khib Nyhiab (lbs ib APD) | 19 | 17.4 | 1.7 lbs (9%) | | Cov Nqi Siv EVS (cents ib APD) | $2.06 | $1.88 | 18¢ (9%) | | Tag Nrho Cov Khib Nyhiab & Kev Txuag Nyiaj Ua Haujlwm (ib APD) | N/A | N/A | 30¢ | | Tus nqi ib zaug siv khaub ncaws (suav nrog kev ntxuav khaub ncaws)| N/A | 58¢ (13¢ khaub ncaws + 45¢ ntxuav khaub ncaws) | N/A | | Tus nqi khaub ncaws siv ib zaug xwb | 60¢ | N/A | N/A | | Tus nqi tag nrho ib zaug hnav khaub ncaws (tom qab txuag nyiaj pov tseg) | N/A | 28¢ | 53% txuag | | UCLA Health Kev Txuag Txhua Xyoo | N/A | $450,000 | N/A | | UCLA Health Pov Tseg Rau Lwm Qhov Chaw | N/A | 1,180 tons | N/A | | Carilion Clinic Tus Nqi Ib Zaug Siv Ib Lub Tsho | 79¢ | 39¢ | Txuag Tau 50% | | Carilion Clinic Txuag Tau (3 xyoos) | N/A | $850,000 | N/A | | Carilion Clinic Pov Tseg Tau Tshem Tawm (3 xyoos) | N/A | 515,000 lbs | N/A | | Rov Qab Tau Cov Cuab Yeej Phais Mob (ib zaug kho mob) | N/A | $1.50 | N/A | | UNC Rex Healthcare Txuag Tau Txhua Xyoo Cov Cuab Yeej Phais Mob | N/A | $60,000 | N/A | | Coveralls Hauv Chav Huv Si Txuag Tau Tus Nqi | N/A | 58% | N/A |

Cov lej no qhia tau tias kev hloov mus siv cov khaub ncaws uas siv tau dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj txiag thiab txo cov khib nyiab rau cov kab ke kho mob.

Kev xaiv cov ntaub hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas muaj kev paub zoo tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo tshaj plaws. Kev nce qib tas mus li, xws li thev naus laus zis AGXX, ua rau kev tswj kev kis kab mob zoo dua los ntawm kev tua cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Kev tsim kho tshiab yav tom ntej kuj tsom mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov xws li Polylactic Acid (PLA), uas txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Cov kev txhim kho no cog lus tias yuav muaj cov ntaub kho mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, zoo rau ib puag ncig.

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub hnav hauv tsev kho mob uas yog woven thiab cov uas tsis yog woven yog dab tsi?

Cov ntaub uas xov sib txuas ua ke, ua rau cov khaub ncaws uas siv tau dua tshiab ruaj khov. Cov ntaub uas tsis xov sib txuas ua ke, ua rau cov ntaub sib dua thiab tsis hnyav, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tiv thaiv tau khaub ncaws.

Vim li cas cov tsev kho mob siv cov ntaub SMS rau ntau lub tsho tshaj sab?

Cov ntaub SMS muaj kev tiv thaiv kua dej zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob me me. Nws cov qauv ntau txheej thaiv cov kua dej thiab cov kab mob, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thaum lub sijhawm kho mob.

Cov khaub ncaws hauv tsev kho mob uas siv tau dua puas zoo rau ib puag ncig dua li cov uas siv pov tseg lawm?

Yog lawm, kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov khaub ncaws uas siv tau dua tshiab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Lawv siv hluav taws xob thiab dej tsawg dua, tsim cov pa roj av tsawg dua, thiab tsim cov khib nyiab khov tsawg dua hauv lawv lub neej. ♻️